Adaptation to a long term (4weeks) arginine- and precursor (glutamate, proline and aspartate)-free diet

Tharakan, John F.; Yu, Yong Ming; Zurakowski, David; Roth, Rachel; Young, Vernon R.; Castillo, Leticia

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2008.04.014

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Arginine is synthesized in the kidney from intestinal citrulline derived from glutamine, but it is considered to be a conditionally indispensable AA in severely stressed patients (46). Recent evidence in healthy adults fed a diet free of both arginine and precursors of arginine for 4 wk shows that arginine is a nutritionally dispensable AA; however, the functional requirement for arginine is unknown (42). Consistent with minimal arginine in GMP, plasma arginine concentrations were significantly lower with ingestion of the GMP compared with the AA diet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urea is produced linearly in response to plasma AA concentrations, and control of nitrogen balance is primarily regulated by urea production (41). BUN, as a measure of hepatic utilization of AAs for urea synthesis, would be expected to remain lower with slower splanchnic AA release (40,42). Thus, a slower, more gradual and sustained elevation in plasma AA concentration with an intact protein source (33), in conjunction with a lower BUN concentration, suggests that fewer AAs are degraded for urea production and instead are retained for protein synthesis when GMP is substituted for synthetic AAs as the primary protein source.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Improved nutritional management of phenylketonuria by using a diet containing glycomacropeptide compared with amino acids

Calcar

MacLeod

Gleason

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

113

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) requires a lifelong lowphenylalanine diet that provides the majority of protein from a phenylalanine-free amino acid (AA) formula. Glycomacropeptide (GMP), an intact protein formed during cheese production, contains minimal phenylalanine. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of substituting GMP food products for the AA formula on acceptability, safety, plasma AA concentrations, and measures of protein utilization in subjects with PKU. Design: Eleven subjects participated in an inpatient metabolic study with two 4-d treatments: a current AA diet (AA diet) followed by a diet that replaced the AA formula with GMP (GMP diet) supplemented with limiting AAs. Plasma concentrations of AAs, blood chemistries, and insulin were measured and compared in AA (day 4) and GMP diets (day 8). Results: The GMP diet was preferred to the AA diet in 10 of 11 subjects with PKU, and there were no adverse reactions to GMP. There was no significant difference in phenylalanine concentration in postprandial plasma with the GMP diet compared with the AA diet. When comparing fasting with postprandial plasma, plasma phenalyalanine concentration increased significantly with the AA but not with the GMP diet. Blood urea nitrogen was significantly lower, which suggests decreased ureagenesis, and plasma insulin was higher with the GMP diet than with the AA diet. Conclusions: GMP, when supplemented with limiting AAs, is a safe and highly acceptable alternative to synthetic AAs as the primary protein source in the nutritional management of PKU. As an intact protein source, GMP improves protein retention and phenylalanine utilization compared with AAs.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved nutritional management of phenylketonuria by using a diet containing glycomacropeptide compared with amino acids

Calcar

MacLeod

Gleason

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

113

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because we consider it unethical to maintain neonates for long periods on a deficient diet, we did not test adaptation longer than 6 d and consequently did not resolve the question of whether more than 6 d has an additional effect on the tracer oxidation. Furthermore, in adult humans fed a 4-wk arginine-free diet, the decrease in oxidation was similar to a 1-wk restriction alone (15,18).…”

Section: Articlesmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This would imply that when the adaptation to the enrichment of the diet is achieved, an oxidation study can be performed within 8 h, as shown by Elango et al (5). It was shown that long-term adaptation to a specific amino acid-deficient diet does not result in changes of other amino acids in adults (14) but can decrease oxidation of the test amino acid, indicating a decrease in catabolism to maintain the body's equilibrium (15,16). Because these studies used the direct amino acid oxidation method, which is proposed to produce low oxidation rates in response to lower intakes of the test amino acid, these results are not comparable with our results using the IAAO method, in which deficient intakes are proposed to give high oxidation rates.…”

Section: Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the methodological issues of the indicator amino acid oxidation method in preterm neonates

Groof

Huang

Twisk³

et al. 2013

Pediatr Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:We determined the effect of adaptation to the study diet on oxidation of the indicator amino acid and the required tracer washout time in preterms. Methods: subjects received a study diet for 6 d that entailed a 50% reduction in leucine. Tracer studies using enterally infused [ 13 C]bicarbonate and [1-13 C]phenylalanine were performed on days 1, 2, 4, and 6. Breath samples containing 13 CO 2 were collected during steady state and measured by infrared spectrometric analysis, and the fraction of 13 CO 2 recovery from 13 C oxidation (F 13 CO 2 ) was calculated. results: Preterm infants (n = 11, birth weight 1.9 ± 0.1 kg, gestational age 32.6 ± 1.5 wk) received 166 mg/kg/d of leucine. Baseline enrichment changed significantly at day 1 of the study diet. F 13 CO 2 did not change significantly between days 2 and 4 but was significantly lower at day 6. The tracer washout time was determined to be 7.5 h using a biphasic regression analysis. conclusion: One day of adaptation to a new diet is necessary to adapt to the 13 C enrichment of the study formula before starting infant requirement studies. adaptation for a period of 5 d results in a protein-sparing response. The minimal time between two studies within the same subject is 7.5 h.

show abstract

“…In a response to this restriction arginine homeostasis is maintained. Results indicate a reduced rate of arginine oxidation with maintenance of endogenous arginine synthesis, which occurs at a rate of about onethird of the dietary intake level (Tharakan et al, 2008). However, the present diet contained alanine and serine that presumably serve as adequate sources of α-amino N. It is to be considered that these results can be applied only to healthy subjects and with nutritional balance, whereas a source of dietary arginine is required in severely stressed patients and so in this case arginine is a conditionally indispensable amino acid (Yu et al, 2001).…”

Section: Attenuation Of Argininosuccinate Lyasementioning

confidence: 96%

Arginine enzymatic deprivation and diet restriction for cancer treatment

Zam

2017

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent findings in amino acid metabolism and the differences between normal, healthy cells and neoplastic cells have revealed that targeting single amino acid metabolic enzymes in cancer therapy is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Arginine is derived from dietary protein intake, body protein breakdown, or endogenous de novo arginine production and several studies have revealed disturbances in its synthesis and metabolism which could enhance or inhibit tumor cell growth. Consequently, there has been an increased interest in the arginine-depleting enzymes and dietary deprivation of arginine and its precursors as a potential antineoplastic therapy. This review outlines the most recent advances in targeting arginine metabolic pathways in cancer therapy and the different chemo-and radio-therapeutic approaches to be co-applied.

show abstract

Adaptation to a long term (4weeks) arginine- and precursor (glutamate, proline and aspartate)-free diet

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Improved nutritional management of phenylketonuria by using a diet containing glycomacropeptide compared with amino acids

Improved nutritional management of phenylketonuria by using a diet containing glycomacropeptide compared with amino acids

New insights into the methodological issues of the indicator amino acid oxidation method in preterm neonates

Arginine enzymatic deprivation and diet restriction for cancer treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About