Adaptation of the kidney to protein intake and to urine concentrating activity: Similar consequences in health and CRF

Bankir, Lise; Kriz, Wilhelm

doi:10.1038/ki.1995.2

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…We assume that this hyperconcentration work must have a deleterious effect on the remaining nephrons. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that several studies have shown that a reduction in protein intake slows the progression of chronic renal failure, and we demonstrated that the hyperfiltration induced by high protein intake in normal rats depends, at least in part, on vasopressin and increased urine concentrating activity (Bankir & Kriz, 1995). We devised two experiments in which chronic changes in the concentrating activity were induced by manipulating water intake and/or vasopressin without changing protein intake.…”

Section: European Journal Of Clinical Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Mild dehydration, vasopressin and the kidney: animal and human studies

Bouby

Fernandes

2003

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Water balance depends essentially on fluid intake and urine excretion. Mild dehydration and the consequent hypertonicity of the extracellular fluid induce an increase in vasopressin secretion, thus stimulating urine concentrating processes and the feeling of thirst. The osmotic threshold for the release of vasopressin is lower than that for thirst and also shows appreciable individual variation. Sustained high levels of vasopressin and low hydration induce morphological and functional changes in the kidney. However, they could also be risk factors in several renal disorders, such as chronic renal failure, diabetic nephropathy and saltsensitive hypertension.

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Section: European Journal Of Clinical Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Mild dehydration, vasopressin and the kidney: animal and human studies

Bouby

Fernandes

2003

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…This difference in GFR estimation can be explained, at least in part, by the use of different stains of rats and different methods for GFR estimation. It is worth mentioning that in some strains of rats tubular reabsorption of endogenous creatinine can occur in varying degrees 19 . It has been demonstrated that about 30-50% of filtered creatinine is reabsorbed in Fisher rats 20 , and about 45% in diabetic rats 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an experimental model of progressive renal disease in rats

Baracho¹,

Kangussu

Prestes³

et al. 2016

Acta Cir. Bras.

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. Conception and design of the study, interpretation of data, statistical analysis, histopathological examinations, manuscript preparation and writing, critical revision, final approval. ABSTRACT PURPOSE:To characterize an experimental model of progressive renal disease induced by different degrees of nephrectomy in rats. METHODS:Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n=20/group): sham surgery (control group), progressive degrees of nephrectomy leading to mild uremia (group 1), moderate uremia (group 2) and severe uremia (group 3). Ten animals of each group were followed for two or four weeks. At the end, blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected to determine renal function parameters. Urine output and water and food intake were daily monitored. RESULTS:In rats of group 1, serum levels of creatinine and urea and microalbuminuria were increased, while reduced creatinine clearance (p<0.05, compared with control group), without changing blood pressure. Animals of group 2 had more accentuated alterations: increases in urinary output, blood pressure, serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and in microalbuminuria, and reduction of creatinine clearance (p<0.05). Group 3 exhibited even more increased serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium, blood pressure and microalbuminuria, and decreased creatinine clearance (p<0.05) in comparison with control group and unilateral nephrectomy. CONCLUSION:Progressive nephrectomy in rats seems to be useful to study the physiopathology of chronic kidney disease and its mechanisms of progression.

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“…Experiments in rats and mice have reported that a highprotein diet induces hypertrophy in the OM (5, 17) and increases SNGFR (3,22). Hendrikx and Epstein (12) reported that water-deprived rats fed a high-protein diet produced urine that was 36% more concentrated than that of rats fed a low-protein diet.…”

Section: Om Hypertrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has long been observed that a high-protein diet induces hypertrophy in the OM of the rat kidney (5,17), increases SNGFR (3,22), and increases the urine-concentrating capability (12). In particular, the epithelial volume of mTALs increases, which may be accompanied by a corresponding increase in Na ϩ -K ϩ -ATPase activity (21) and active Na ϩ transport.…”

Section: Hyperfiltration and Om Hypertrophy In Rats Fed A High-proteimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also study O 2 distribution under special conditions, in which an appropriate stimulus is applied to induce hyperfiltration, hypertrophy in the OM inner stripe, and increased Na ϩ transport rates in the mTAL (3,5,12,17,22,23), and we study the synergy between these factors and the impact of these factors on the concentrating capability of the hypertrophied OM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A mathematical model of O₂ transport in the rat outer medulla. II. Impact of outer medullary architecture

Chen¹,

Edwards²,

Layton³

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Chen J, Edwards A, Layton AT. A mathematical model of O2 transport in the rat outer medulla. II. Impact of outer medullary architecture. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 297: F537-F548, 2009. First published April 29, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajprenal.90497.2008.-In the companion study (Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. First published April 29, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.90496.2008, we extended the regionbased mathematical model of the urine-concentrating mechanism in the rat outer medulla (OM) developed by Layton and Layton (Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F1346 -F1366, 2005 to examine the impact of the complex structural organization of the OM on O2 transport and distribution. In the present study, we investigated the sensitivity of predicted PO 2 profiles to several parameters that characterize the degree of OM regionalization, boundary conditions, structural dimensions, transmural transport properties, and relative positions and distributions of tubules and vessels. Our results suggest that the fraction of O2 supplied to descending vasa recta (DVR) that reaches the inner medulla, i.e., a measure of the axial PO 2 gradient in the OM, is insensitive to parameter variations as a result of the sequestration of long DVR in the vascular bundles. In contrast, O2 distribution among the regions surrounding the vascular core strongly depends on the radial positions of medullary thick ascending limbs (mTALs) relative to the vascular core, the degree of regionalization, and the distribution of short DVR along the corticomedullary axis. Moreover, if it is assumed that the mTAL active Na ϩ transport rate decreases when mTAL PO2 falls below a critical level, O2 availability to mTALs has a significant impact on the concentrating capability of the model OM. The model also predicts that when the OM undergoes hypertrophy, its concentrating capability increases significantly only when anaerobic metabolism supports a substantial fraction of the mTAL active Na ϩ transport and is otherwise critically reduced by low interstitial and mTAL luminal PO2 in a hypertrophied OM. region-based model; medullary thick ascending limbs; red blood cells; active sodium transport IN A COMPANION PAPER (7), we formulated a region-based mathematical model of O 2 transport in the outer medulla (OM) of the rat kidney. In that model, the complex structural organization of the OM (13, 14) was represented by four concentric regions, centered around a vascular bundle, following the region-based approach of Layton and Layton (15). The radial positions of structures were incorporated by assignment of appropriate tubules and vasa recta (or fractions thereof) to each concentric region. Of particular importance is the prediction that regionalization has a significant impact on radial distribution of O 2 and, therefore, the active Na ϩ transport rate of the medullary thick ascending limbs (mTALs).In the present study, we investigate model sensitivity to fundamental structural assumptions and to parameters that are not well characterized. The model incorporates a large number of...

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Adaptation of the kidney to protein intake and to urine concentrating activity: Similar consequences in health and CRF

Cited by 65 publications

References 101 publications

Mild dehydration, vasopressin and the kidney: animal and human studies

Mild dehydration, vasopressin and the kidney: animal and human studies

Characterization of an experimental model of progressive renal disease in rats

A mathematical model of O₂ transport in the rat outer medulla. II. Impact of outer medullary architecture

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