Adaptation of "Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire" (NMRQ) in Greek. A reliability and validity study in an epidemiological Greek sample

Abstract

Introduction: ‘Psychological Resilience’ is one of the key elements in human behavior that interplays with stress in mental disorders and physical illnesses in both healthy and unhealthy populations, regardless of their biopsychosocial background. Therefore, a reliable and valid resilience questionnaire for clinical and research use is of great necessity.Aim: Hence, the present study was conducted in order for the original English version of ‘Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire’ (NMRQ) to be adapted in the Greek population.Methods & Materials: The original English NMRQ consists of 12 items measuring resilience. It is a self-reported questionnaire, while each respective item is measured through a 5-Likert scale point system. The design of the study was developed to firstly translate the original English questionnaire in Greek, and secondly to test the new version upon its ‘item consistency’, ‘internal correlation’, ‘internal consistency’, ‘consistency validity’, and finally perform a ‘factor analysis’ after recruiting a Greek sample.Results: The results show 80% validity (Cronbach’s alpha=.800) of the new Greek version. The number of participants (N= 1,158) provided to the study an ‘a priori’ odds ratio of 1.274, a critical z of 1.6448 and an actual power of 95%. The Greek translation was considered accurate, while the new version maintained a good item consistency.Conclusion: It is proposed that the Greek version of NMRQ may be adapted in the Greek population in clinical and research related to resilience and stress, as well as for any future studies to test-retest its validity and reliability.

Predictors of Psychosomatic Health during the first COVID-19 Outbreak in Greece. A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis in an Epidemiological Sample of 1,156 Individuals

“…What is more, there is a clear absence of European studies that investigate any protective role in psychosomatic health, although the capacity is in theory a positive component against the development of sympathetic adaption. [38] Proceeding with the rest of the findings, recent COVID-19 studies show clearly the protective role of SwL. Similarly, to this study, SwL was found to be protective against the sympathetic adaptation response of 325 front-line nurses in Philippines during the spread of the pandemic.…”

“…PR was measured using the translated and adapted in the Greek population version of 'Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire' (NMRQ). [38] NMRQ measures PR through 12 selfreported items. In the introductory study, the adapted version shows a notable level of validity and reliability, with α = .800 (N= 1,158).…”

“…In the introductory study, the adapted version shows a notable level of validity and reliability, with α = .800 (N= 1,158). [38]…”

Introducing the ‘Psychosomatic Screening Questionnaire - 29’ (PSSQ-29): Reliability and Validity in an Epidemiological Sample of 1,158 Participants in Greece during the COVID-19 Domestic Lockdown

“…The first questionnaire concerns the Greek adaptation of Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire (NMRQ). [31] The tool was used in order to measure the level of psychological resilience of the participants and it consists of 12 selfreported items. It is reported as reliable for the Greek population, as Cronbach's alpha was found at .800.…”

Psychosomatic health and sympathetic nervous adaptation of health professionals and the general population during the second covid-19 wave in Greece. between-group comparisons and regression analysis

“…29 Regarding this idea, resilience is the ability to bounce back, into the pre-crisis condition. 30 Indeed, a Chinese study conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak found that mental resilience was higher in a medical team when compared to the community population. 31 The authors also concluded that health professional should seek for social support and adapt positive coping skills with a view to read their benefits against psychosomatic symptoms.…”