Introduction: ‘Psychological Resilience’ is one of the key elements in human behavior that interplays with stress in mental disorders and physical illnesses in both healthy and unhealthy populations, regardless of their biopsychosocial background. Therefore, a reliable and valid resilience questionnaire for clinical and research use is of great necessity.Aim: Hence, the present study was conducted in order for the original English version of ‘Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire’ (NMRQ) to be adapted in the Greek population.Methods & Materials: The original English NMRQ consists of 12 items measuring resilience. It is a self-reported questionnaire, while each respective item is measured through a 5-Likert scale point system. The design of the study was developed to firstly translate the original English questionnaire in Greek, and secondly to test the new version upon its ‘item consistency’, ‘internal correlation’, ‘internal consistency’, ‘consistency validity’, and finally perform a ‘factor analysis’ after recruiting a Greek sample.Results: The results show 80% validity (Cronbach’s alpha=.800) of the new Greek version. The number of participants (N= 1,158) provided to the study an ‘a priori’ odds ratio of 1.274, a critical z of 1.6448 and an actual power of 95%. The Greek translation was considered accurate, while the new version maintained a good item consistency.Conclusion: It is proposed that the Greek version of NMRQ may be adapted in the Greek population in clinical and research related to resilience and stress, as well as for any future studies to test-retest its validity and reliability.

Background: The psychological impact of quarantine, due to the SARS COVID-19 outbreak, was examined with a specific focus on the relationship between 7 coping strategies: (i) active coping, (ii) positive reframing, (iii) acceptance, (iv) use of emotional support, (v) religion, (vi) substance use and (vii) self-blame and acute stress. This study aimed to identify specifically which of those coping strategies could increase or decrease acute stress levels.Method and Material: The data collection took place during the lockdown and was performed using online surveys. The finale sample size reached up to 1154 Greek adults (age M= 40.51). Two adapted and translated scales were used to measure the variables of interest, including: Brief-COPE questionnaire as well as Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS).Results: “Active coping”, “acceptance”, “positive reframing” and “emotional support”, four of the coping strategies examined, that were found to be significantly associated with stress reduction. Meanwhile, “religion”, “self-blame” and “substance use” were not associated with stress reduction. Conclusions: This study initially provides an insight of acute stress and effective coping strategies associated with the quarantine period during the COVID – 19 pandemic in Greece. The outcome of this study equip support for the expected inflation of the mental health issues stemmed from the unusual stressors, and urge clinicians, mental health providers, and public agencies to assemble, in an attempt to make possible the widespread implementation of more effective and beneficial coping strategies.

Background: Although the field of psychosomatics is one of the oldest in behavioral health science, there may be a total absence of a self-reported psychometric scale that measures simultaneously mental and somatic symptoms. Thus, the present study introduces a new 29-item psychometric tool, named ‘Psychosomatic Screening Questionnaire - 29’ (PSSQ-29). Aim: PSSQ-29 was designed in order to provide a reliable and valid scale that measures both mental and somatic symptoms in a single questionnaire. Methods & Materials: Research methods were employed and statistical analysis was performed to test ‘face validity’, ‘content validity’, ‘internal validity’, ‘construct validity’ and ‘predictive validity’ of PSSQ-29, while a ‘factor analysis’ also took place. The rest materials that were used in this study include the Greek versions of the ‘Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire’ and the ‘Acute Stress Disorder Scale’. Results: The highlights of the analysis include a 95.5% reliability ratio, a strong correlation with ‘psychological resilience’ and ‘acute stress disorder’, while 59% of variance of PSSQ-29 was predicted by the levels of acute stress of the same sample at the same time. Discussion: The findings of this study support the use of PSSQ-29 by health professionals and researchers in the foreseeable future. What is more, PSSQ-29 may provide much assistance in research regarding multi-morbid conditions in Behavioral Medicine. Conclusion: Finally, PSSQ-29 was found both reliable and valid in the Greek population. Amongst many proposed ways of use, it is highly recommended to be used at any new ‘mass panic’ situation in Greece. Key words: Psychosomatic Screening Questionnaire; PSSQ-29; Psychometrics; COVID-19; Greece.

Background: Between March 23 and May 4, 2020, the Greek government established an economic and social ‘lockdown’ to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It was hypothesized that the unsafe environment activated the stress response of the Greeks during that time, while existing literature supports the development of psychosomatic disorders. Aim: The research question is whether six biopsychosocial variables predict psychosomatic symptoms of the Greek general population during the ‘lockdown’. Methods & Materials: A convenient sample of 1,158 -of whom 2 were excluded from the final analysis- Greeks participated electronically during the ‘lockdown’. Pearson’s r and a linear-multiple regression analyses were chosen to test the hypothesis. The participants answered a series of demographic questions, while the rest variables were measured through the following self-reported psychometric tools: ‘psychosomatics’ [PSSQ-29], ‘acute stress’ [ASDS], ‘psychological resilience’ [NMRQ], and ‘satisfaction with life’ [SWLS]. Results: Between the significant predictors, the first to appear is ‘acute stress’ (β= .66, p< .001), while ‘psychological resilience’ (β= .21, p< .001), ‘satisfaction with life’ (β= .06, p= .001) and ‘age’ (β= .04, p= .025) follow hierarchically. Discussion: The findings are consistent to the background literature and previous relevant COVID-19 studies, with the exception of the findings regarding ‘gender’ -which was not found significant in the weightings-. Conclusion: The model predicts the criterion with a large effect. The study is overall confirmatory to previous COVID-19 research regarding domestic general population, while the need for European studies that would include positive components on psychosomatic health is highlighted. Key words: Psychosomatic Health; COVID-19; Greece; Acute Stress Disorder; Psychological Resilience