Adaptation and counteradaptation to complex optical distortion

Adaptation to laterally displaced vision: A review.

“…Adaptation by observation of continuous stereotyped behavior, using a 24-degree prism and a test box of the type chosen in Figure 2, yielded an aftereffect which reflected none of the taper and magnification distortions that the prism actually produced (see Figure 4). Related results were obtained by Ross and Lennie (1972). Their subjects wore facemasks that introduced complex optical distortions.…”

Why do objects appear enlarged under water?

“…These calculations are useful for showing that some angular adaptation occurs, since the subtended angle reduces with viewing time in water. For example, Ross and Lennie (18) found angular adaptation of about 14 percent. However, we cannot be sure that the calculated angular size represents perceived angular size: some independent measure of perceived angular size would be needed for that.…”

“…Experiments on eye-hand coordination offer a different method of measurement, if perceived linear size can be calculated from the end-point locations of ballistic aiming to the left and right edges of targets. Such a technique has been used to measure adaptation to underwater magnification (18) , and to optically reduced size in air (19) . The end-point locations can be used to measure perceived saggital distance in addition to perceived linear size; and a calculation can be made of the angular separation of the end-points subtended at the observer's eye.…”

Perception of, and adaptation to, a three-dimensional curvature distortion

“…It is conceivable that adaptation to all three dimensions simultaneously does not occur. Several studies of adaptation to size and distance under water have reported that adaptation to size was correlated with increased distortion of apparent distance, or vice versa Luria, McKay, & Ferris, 1973;Ross, Franklin, Weltman, & Lennie, 1970;Ross & Lennie, 1972). Since the underwater curvature distortion is optically very closely related to the size and distance distortion underwater, it would be interesting to know if divers can adapt to this curvature distortion in all three dimensions simultaneously.…”