Adaptación y validación peruana del Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ-12) en trabajadores de salud

Abstract

Introducción: las condiciones de trabajo en el ámbito sanitario impactan la salud mental de los trabajadores y afecta su bienestar. Para poder realizar una medición oportuna en el Perú, se requiere contar con instrumentos validados y fáciles de administrar.
 Objetivo: adaptar y validar el cuestionario de salud general (GHQ-12) en trabajadores de salud del Perú.
 Métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo instrumental en el que participaron 432 trabajadores del sistema sanitario peruano, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado. El proceso incluyó una evaluación del contenido por parte de jueces y una prueba piloto. La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio. El número de factores se definió con el análisis paralelo de Horn y el ajuste con análisis factorial confirmatorio, que tuvo en cuenta distintos métodos de estimación. Se analizó la confiabilidad, la validez discriminativa, correlación y predictiva.
 Resultados: se confirmó una versión del cuestionario con doce ítems agrupados en dos factores que explicaron el 58,68 % de la varianza total. El modelo evidencia mejores índices de bondad de ajuste de manera independiente al método de estimación empleado. Los ítems discriminan de manera adecuada, al igual que el cuestionario, según género y profesión. La validez de correlación y predictiva fueron satisfactorias. La consistencia interna global con el omega de McDonald fue adecuada (ω = 0,853), así como el alfa ordinal para disforia general (0,919) y disfunción social (0,828).
 Conclusiones: se reportan sólidas evidencias de validez de constructo y confiabilidad del GHQ-12. Al ser la versión peruana, se recomienda usarlo para evaluar el estado mental de los trabajadores de salud.

Servant leadership, brand love, and work ethic: important predictors of general health in workers in the education sector

“…World Health Organization (2004) in its definition of health, it includes the three most important dimensions of life, referring to a complete state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not only the absence of conditions or diseases. The definition of general health encompasses a series of components that define it as a continuous process of satisfaction that enables people to develop their abilities and potential naturally (Chavez-Espinoza et al, 2022). General health reflects a person's perception of physical symptoms, sleep disorders, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and social functioning (Tinella et al, 2022), reflecting both positive and negative aspects of health (Nadi et al, 2020).…”

“…For work ethics, the scale of Sharma and Rai (2015) that used 10 items. For general health, the scale known as GHQ-12 applied to the Peruvian context by Chavez-Espinoza et al (2022), this instrument in question was adapted taking into account the questions that were adequate for the realization of the present study, of the 12 items only 6 factorially adequate were used. On the other hand, these first three variables were valued on a Likert-type response scale from 1 to 5, where 1 is "Strongly disagree" and 5 is "Strongly agree."…”

“…And in this context, general health has an important meaning in the lives of workers in the education sector, where this construct has currently been linked to many others: such as coping strategies (Tinella et al, 2022), depression (Gladstone et al, 2018), job insecurity (Setati et al, 2015), psychological discomfort (Jakubiec et al, 2014), machine learning (Hoekstra et al, 2023), working capacity (Kisiel et al, 2023), quality of life (Bezuidenhout et al, 2023), among other. Understanding general health as the mental, emotional and physical wellbeing that allows us to face challenges (Lunde et al, 2022) and acquire greater concentration in the activities that are carried out (Chavez-Espinoza et al, 2022).…”

“…The same ones who have applied their study to various areas, sectors and populations, such as: medicine (Ebert et al, 2002), business (Suryani et al, 2022), social sciences (Mustafa et al, 2022), psychology (Jakubiec et al, 2014), economics (Peng et al, 2022), humanities (Raja et al, 2020), among others. When discerning scientific dissemination by country, it has been found that the studies carried out in the Peruvian population (Caycho-Rodríguez et al, 2020;Pino et al, 2020;Chavez-Espinoza et al, 2022;Rocha-Vallejos et al, 2022;Alipio et al, 2023) are very limited, that is, there is very little scientific literature that can provide support and guidance for future studies, and that can provide relevant information to develop communication strategies, health promotion, improving wellbeing and general health in the Peruvian context. Given the prevalence of diseases and the current situation of occupational health, this research aims to fill the knowledge gap and provide a valuable contribution to the academic community and professionals of the sectors involved.…”