Ad libitum or demand/semi-demand feeding versus scheduled interval feeding for preterm infants

Abstract

Ad libitum or demand/semi-demand feeding versus scheduled interval feeding for preterm infants (Review)

Quality Improvement Study of Effectiveness of Cue‐Based Feeding in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…Individual health care provider-driven feeding methods vary in terms of when to begin, how often to provide oral feedings, and the volume of oral feedings. Infant-driven feeding methods are individualized according to the infants' behaviors and are variously described as ad libitum, semi-on demand, on demand, or cue based (McCormick, Tosh, & McGuire, 2010).…”

“…A Cochrane Review team synthesized eight small, randomized clinical trials in which infant-driven feeding protocols were compared with health care provider-driven feeding protocols for relatively healthy preterm infants (McCormick et al, 2010). Among the studies, outcomes were mixed for the number of days from first to full oral feedings, PMA at discharge, average daily weight gain, and volume of feedings taken orally.…”

Quality Improvement Study of Effectiveness of Cue‐Based Feeding in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…Individual health care provider-driven feeding methods vary in terms of when to begin, how often to provide oral feedings, and the volume of oral feedings. Infant-driven feeding methods are individualized according to the infants' behaviors and are variously described as ad libitum, semi-on demand, on demand, or cue based (McCormick, Tosh, & McGuire, 2010).…”

“…A Cochrane Review team synthesized eight small, randomized clinical trials in which infant-driven feeding protocols were compared with health care provider-driven feeding protocols for relatively healthy preterm infants (McCormick et al, 2010). Among the studies, outcomes were mixed for the number of days from first to full oral feedings, PMA at discharge, average daily weight gain, and volume of feedings taken orally.…”

Evidence-based Interventions for Breast and Bottle Feeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…Therefore, the infant determines the duration and volume of intake. 40 The demand feeding starts in response to the infant's hunger cues, but ends when a prescribed volume of intake is reached. This strategy is more suited to supplemental tube feeding or bottle-feeding, than to breastfeeding as volume of intake cannot be regulated for breastfeeding.…”

“…This strategy is more suited to supplemental tube feeding or bottle-feeding, than to breastfeeding as volume of intake cannot be regulated for breastfeeding. 40 For semi-demand feeding, the infant's hunger cues are assessed at scheduled intervals and the infant is offered a prescribed volume feeding when hunger cues are noted. Allowing preterm infants to dictate the timing and duration of oral feeding may result in longer rest periods between some feedings and promote infant-determined sleep and wake patterns, which reduce unnecessary energy expenditure, increase the total nutrient intake, and increase growth rates.…”

“…Overall, it appears that a large randomized controlled trial is needed to determine if ad lib or demand and semi-demand feeding of preterm infants affects clinically important outcomes. 40…”

Quality Improvement Study of Effectiveness of Cue‐Based Feeding in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…Individual health care provider-driven feeding methods vary in terms of when to begin, how often to provide oral feedings, and the volume of oral feedings. Infant-driven feeding methods are individualized according to the infants' behaviors and are variously described as ad libitum, semi-on demand, on demand, or cue based (McCormick, Tosh, & McGuire, 2010).…”

“…A Cochrane Review team synthesized eight small, randomized clinical trials in which infant-driven feeding protocols were compared with health care provider-driven feeding protocols for relatively healthy preterm infants (McCormick et al, 2010). Among the studies, outcomes were mixed for the number of days from first to full oral feedings, PMA at discharge, average daily weight gain, and volume of feedings taken orally.…”

Evidence-based Interventions for Breast and Bottle Feeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…Therefore, the infant determines the duration and volume of intake. 40 The demand feeding starts in response to the infant's hunger cues, but ends when a prescribed volume of intake is reached. This strategy is more suited to supplemental tube feeding or bottle-feeding, than to breastfeeding as volume of intake cannot be regulated for breastfeeding.…”

“…This strategy is more suited to supplemental tube feeding or bottle-feeding, than to breastfeeding as volume of intake cannot be regulated for breastfeeding. 40 For semi-demand feeding, the infant's hunger cues are assessed at scheduled intervals and the infant is offered a prescribed volume feeding when hunger cues are noted. Allowing preterm infants to dictate the timing and duration of oral feeding may result in longer rest periods between some feedings and promote infant-determined sleep and wake patterns, which reduce unnecessary energy expenditure, increase the total nutrient intake, and increase growth rates.…”

“…Overall, it appears that a large randomized controlled trial is needed to determine if ad lib or demand and semi-demand feeding of preterm infants affects clinically important outcomes. 40…”

Quality Improvement Study of Effectiveness of Cue‐Based Feeding in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…Individual health care provider-driven feeding methods vary in terms of when to begin, how often to provide oral feedings, and the volume of oral feedings. Infant-driven feeding methods are individualized according to the infants' behaviors and are variously described as ad libitum, semi-on demand, on demand, or cue based (McCormick, Tosh, & McGuire, 2010).…”

“…A Cochrane Review team synthesized eight small, randomized clinical trials in which infant-driven feeding protocols were compared with health care provider-driven feeding protocols for relatively healthy preterm infants (McCormick et al, 2010). Among the studies, outcomes were mixed for the number of days from first to full oral feedings, PMA at discharge, average daily weight gain, and volume of feedings taken orally.…”

Evidence-based Interventions for Breast and Bottle Feeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…Therefore, the infant determines the duration and volume of intake. 40 The demand feeding starts in response to the infant's hunger cues, but ends when a prescribed volume of intake is reached. This strategy is more suited to supplemental tube feeding or bottle-feeding, than to breastfeeding as volume of intake cannot be regulated for breastfeeding.…”

“…This strategy is more suited to supplemental tube feeding or bottle-feeding, than to breastfeeding as volume of intake cannot be regulated for breastfeeding. 40 For semi-demand feeding, the infant's hunger cues are assessed at scheduled intervals and the infant is offered a prescribed volume feeding when hunger cues are noted. Allowing preterm infants to dictate the timing and duration of oral feeding may result in longer rest periods between some feedings and promote infant-determined sleep and wake patterns, which reduce unnecessary energy expenditure, increase the total nutrient intake, and increase growth rates.…”

“…Overall, it appears that a large randomized controlled trial is needed to determine if ad lib or demand and semi-demand feeding of preterm infants affects clinically important outcomes. 40…”