Acute Voluntary Intoxication by Ricin

Kopferschmitt, J.; Flesch, F.; Lugnier, A.; Sauder, P; Jaeger, Albert; Mantz, J.

doi:10.1177/096032718300200211

Cited by 62 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4 According to Balint and others, the toxic component of the plant is ricin. Several workers in Europe 5,7,10,12 and North America 1-3,8,9,11 have reported castor oil seed poisoning among children and adults. To our knowledge, no case of poisoning from this seed has yet been documented in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia or any other Arab country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations agree with those of others. 7,9,11,12 Treatment is essentially symptomatic and consists of early gastrointestinal decontamination with syrup of ipecac or gastric lavage and oral administration of activated charcoal, and fluid replacement using appropriate strengths of dextrose-saline solutions (orally or intravenously). Treatment of all our patients was based on these two principles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Accidental Castor Oil Seed Poisoning in Saudi Children

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accidental Castor Oil Seed Poisoning in Saudi Children

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Toxicity and death have occurred with ingestions of one to two chewed beans of either plant. Ricin levels can be measured in plasma and urine but are not clinically useful (Kopferschmitt et al, 1983).…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea are the most common signs seen after ingestion (Kopferschmitt et al, 1983). Toxalbumins cause severe gastrointestinal lesions of the oropharynx, esophagus, and stomach.…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chemical Warfare Agents and Risks to Animal Health

Wismer¹

2015

Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ricin Poisoning

Audi¹,

Belson²,

Patel³

et al. 2005

JAMA

563

292

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ROWING AWARENESS AND concern about ricin, a potent biologic toxin, as a possible terrorist weapon has necessitated a comprehensive review of this poison. 1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categorizes ricin as a Category B agent (second-highest priority), as it is moderately easy to disseminate, resulting in low mortality but moderate to high morbidity, and requires specific enhancement of the CDC's diagnostic and disease surveillance capacity. 2 Such agents are not routinely encountered, so heightened awareness in the health care community and a strong public health infrastructure are necessary for detection and response. We therefore have summarized the literature on ricin poisoning and provided recommendations for clinicians and public health professionals dealing with a ricin attack against a civilian population. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Using PubMed, we searched MEDLINE and OLDMEDLINE databases from January 1950 to August 2005 using the keywords ricin, ricinus communis, ricinine, plant toxins, castor beans, castor dust, and castor oil. Keywords were used alone and with the modifiers toxicity, poisoning, diagnosis, clinical effects, treatment , warfare, chemical terrorism, and weapon. The Chemical and Biological Information Analysis Center (http: //www.cbiac.apgea.army.mil) database was searched for historical and military literature related to ricin tox-CME available online at www.jama.com Context The recent discoveries of ricin, a deadly biologic toxin, at a South Carolina postal facility, a White House mail facility, and a US senator's office has raised concerns among public health officials, physicians, and citizens. Ricin is one of the most potent and lethal substances known, particularly when inhaled. The ease with which the native plant (Ricinus communis) can be obtained and the toxin extracted makes ricin an attractive weapon. Objectives To summarize the literature on ricin poisoning and provide recommendations based on our best professional judgment for clinicians and public health officials that are faced with deliberate release of ricin into the environment. Literature Acquisition Using PubMed, we searched MEDLINE and OLDMEDLINE databases (January 1950-August 2005). The Chemical and Biological Information Analysis Center database was searched for historical and military literature related to ricin toxicity. Book chapters, unpublished reports, monographs, relevant news reports, and Web material were also reviewed to find nonindexed articles. Results Most literature on ricin poisoning involves castor bean ingestion and experimental animal research. Aerosol release of ricin into the environment or adulteration of food and beverages are pathways to exposure likely to be exploited. Symptoms after ingestion (onset within 12 hours) are nonspecific and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain and may progress to hypotension, liver failure, renal dysfunction, and death due to multiorgan failure or cardiovascular collapse. Inhalation (onset of symptoms is likely within 8 hou...

show abstract

Acute Voluntary Intoxication by Ricin

Cited by 62 publications

References 6 publications

Accidental Castor Oil Seed Poisoning in Saudi Children

Accidental Castor Oil Seed Poisoning in Saudi Children

Chemical Warfare Agents and Risks to Animal Health

Ricin Poisoning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About