Chemical Warfare Agents and Risks to Animal Health

Wismer, Tina

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800159-2.00054-3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…602,613 Lethal concentrations for typical organophosphorous nerve agents are in concentrations as low as 10–100 ppb. 614 As a result of the severe consequences of exposures to these nerve agents, sensors are usually developed by testing on chemically similar but less harmful nerve agent mimics. 603 Figure 46 shows the chemical structures of a select number of nerve agents, nerve agent mimics, and decomposition products that were used in the studies covered in this review.…”

Section: Cnt-based Sensors For National Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nerve agents are compounds that disrupt the nervous system by irreversibly inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)an enzyme responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). , The inhibition of AChE leads to accumulation of ACh in the nerve, which leads to overstimulation. Early symptoms include agitation and muscle weakness, severe poisoning and respiratory failure, unconsciousness, confusion, convulsions, and death. , Lethal concentrations for typical organophosphorous nerve agents are in concentrations as low as 10–100 ppb . As a result of the severe consequences of exposures to these nerve agents, sensors are usually developed by testing on chemically similar but less harmful nerve agent mimics …”

Section: Cnt-based Sensors For National Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanotube Chemical Sensors

et al. 2018

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) promise to advance a number of real-world technologies. Of these applications, they are particularly attractive for uses in chemical sensors for environmental and health monitoring. However, chemical sensors based on CNTs are often lacking in selectivity, and the elucidation of their sensing mechanisms remains challenging. This review is a comprehensive description of the parameters that give rise to the sensing capabilities of CNT-based sensors and the application of CNT-based devices in chemical sensing. This review begins with the discussion of the sensing mechanisms in CNT-based devices, the chemical methods of CNT functionalization, architectures of sensors, performance parameters, and theoretical models used to describe CNT sensors. It then discusses the expansive applications of CNT-based sensors to multiple areas including environmental monitoring, food and agriculture applications, biological sensors, and national security. The discussion of each analyte focuses on the strategies used to impart selectivity and the molecular interactions between the selector and the analyte. Finally, the review concludes with a brief outlook over future developments in the field of chemical sensors and their prospects for commercialization.

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