Acute Vascular Benefits of Finnish Sauna Bathing in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Gravel, Hugo; Behzadi, Parya; Cardinal, Serge; Barry, Hadiatou; Neagoe, Paul‐Eduard; Juneau, Martin; Nigam, Anil; Sirois, Martin G.; Gagnon, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2020.06.017

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There is some evidence suggesting that acute Finnish sauna bathing induces beneficial adjustments in patients with coronary artery disease. Gravel and colleagues (24) replicated traditional Finnish sauna bathing by having participants perform 2 × 10-min sauna exposures separated by a 10-min thermoneutral recovery, an approach that increased intestinal temperature by ~0.6°C. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation assessed via flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery was augmented ~50 min after heat exposure, whereas there was no effect on microvascular function assessed using forearm postocclusive reactive hyperemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dry saunas, also known as traditional Finnish saunas, typically operate at 80°C-100°C with a low relative humidity. Most studies utilizing dry saunas expose participants to heating cycles lasting 8-15 min separated by short periods of thermoneutral recovery or cold-water showering (24)(25)(26), whereas others have utilized a 30-min continuous exposure (27). Far infrared saunas generate an infrared wavelength of 6-12 μm that can easily penetrate human skin up to 2 inches, essentially inducing a deep heating effect.…”

Section: Experimental Approaches To Explore Recovery From Acute Heat ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular Adjustments After Acute Heat Exposure

Romero

Richey

Hemingway

2022

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Approaches To Explore Recovery From Acute Heat ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Adjustments After Acute Heat Exposure

Romero

Richey

Hemingway

2022

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

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“…Foremost, future studies should consider differences in sex, age, and in people with co-morbidities. This latter group is especially important given the target population for heat therapy [e.g., heart failure (21,27,39) and peripheral arterial disease (1,53,55)]. Another important consideration is the acute heating stimulus and timing of measurements.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Brunt et al (12) reported that eight weeks of passive heat therapy, via hot water immersion, improved vascular function in young, sedentary adults: specifically, increased brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and reduced resting blood pressure. Moreover, in clinical models, heat therapy has been demonstrated to improve cardiac function and increase exercise tolerance in heart failure (27,39), myocardial perfusion in coronary artery disease (21,54) and extremity perfusion in peripheral artery disease (1,53,55).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negligible influence of moderate to severe hyperthermia on blood-brain barrier permeability and neuronal parenchymal integrity in healthy men

Shepley

Ainslie

Hoiland

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Physiology

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With growing use for hyperthermia as a cardiovascular therapeutic, there is surprisingly little information regarding the acute effects it may have on the integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Indeed, relying on animal data would suggest hyperthermia comparable to levels attained in thermal therapy will disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and damage the cerebral parenchymal cells. We sought to address the hypothesis that controlled passive hyperthermia is not sufficient to damage the NVU in healthy humans. Young men (n=11) underwent acute passive heating until +2°C or absolute esophageal temperature of 39.5°C. The presence of BBB opening was determined by trans-cerebral exchange kinetics (radial-arterial and jugular venous cannulation) of S100B. Neuronal parenchymal damage was determined by the trans-cerebral exchange of tau protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and neurofilament-light protein (NF-L). Cerebral blood flow to calculate exchange kinetics was measured by duplex ultrasound of the right internal carotid and left vertebral artery. Passive heating was performed via warm-water perfused suit. In hyperthermia, there was no increase in the cerebral exchange of S100B (p=0.327), tau protein (p=0.626), NF-L (p=0.0.447) or NSE (p=0.908) suggesting +2°C core temperature is not sufficient to acutely stress the NVU in healthy men. However, there was a significant condition effect (p=0.028) of NSE, corresponding to a significant increase in arterial (p=0.023) but not venous (p=0.173) concentrations in hyperthermia, potentially indicating extra-cerebral release of NSE. Collectively, results from the present study support the notion that in young men there is little concern for NVU damage with acute hyperthermia of +2°C.

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“…Two such therapies, saunas and lower leg heating intervention (LLHI), have attracted growing attention for their roles in cardiovascular fitness. For example, sauna-based therapy has improved endothelial function [17][18][19], left ventricular ejection fraction [20][21][22][23], and exercise tolerance [19,20] in patients with heart failure, and Gravel et al [24] found that sauna bathing acutely improves peripheral flow-mediated dilation in middle-aged and older adults with stable coronary artery disease. Furthermore, cardiovascular disease incidence has been shown to decline with increased sauna use [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Hemodynamic Improvement by Thermal Vasodilation inside the Abdominal and Iliac Arterial Segments of Young Sedentary Individuals

Jiang

Salerno

et al. 2021

J Vasc Res

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Objective: To study the hemodynamic response to lower leg heating intervention (LLHI) inside the abdominal and iliac arterial segments (AIAS) of young sedentary individuals. Methods: A Doppler measurement of blood flow was conducted for 5 young sedentary adults with LLHI. Heating durations of 0, 20, and 40 min were considered. A lumped parameter model (LPM) was used to ascertain the hemodynamic mechanism. The hemodynamics were determined via numerical approaches. Results: Ultrasonography revealed that the blood flow waveform shifted upwards under LLHI; in particular, the mean flow increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing heating duration. The LPM showed that its mechanism depends on the reduction in afterload resistance, not on the inertia of blood flow and arterial compliance. The time-averaged wall shear stress, time-averaged production rate of nitric oxide, and helicity in the external iliac arteries increased more significantly than in other segments as the heating duration increased, while the oscillation shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT) in the AIAS declined with increasing heating duration. There was a more obvious helicity response in the bilateral external iliac arteries than the OSI and RRT responses. Conclusion: LLHI can effectively induce a positive hemodynamic environment in the AIAS of young sedentary individuals.

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Acute Vascular Benefits of Finnish Sauna Bathing in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Cardiovascular Adjustments After Acute Heat Exposure

Cardiovascular Adjustments After Acute Heat Exposure

Negligible influence of moderate to severe hyperthermia on blood-brain barrier permeability and neuronal parenchymal integrity in healthy men

Acute Hemodynamic Improvement by Thermal Vasodilation inside the Abdominal and Iliac Arterial Segments of Young Sedentary Individuals

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