Acute toxicity of the water-soluble fraction of diesel in Prochilodus vimboidesKner (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)

Abstract

Diesel oil can be a source of contamination in aquatic environments, mainly as a result of spills. The effects of the watersoluble fraction of diesel (WSF) on Prochilodus vimboides were assessed. Fish were exposed to three different WSF dilutions for up to 96 h and were compared to a control group. Damages in the fragments of DNA were analyzed using the Comet assay. The presence of erytrocyts abnormalities was assessed by micronucleus test. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and the accumulation of copper in gills were also analyzed. Fish exposed for 96 h had higher rates of damage than those exposed for 24 h. There was no significant difference regarding the presence of micronuclei between exposed and control fish and between 24-h and 96-h exposures. For AST, no significant difference was observed between samples collected at the two exposure times. Fish exposed to a 1:100 dilution of WSF showed higher activity of the enzyme ALT than the control fish after a 24-h exposure period. There was no bioaccumulation of copper in the gills. We conclude that the genotoxic effects of WSF in the cells are more evident in P. vimboides during an acute exposure.O óleo diesel pode ser uma fonte de contaminação em ambientes aquáticos, principalmente como resultado de derrames acidentais. Foram avaliados os efeitos da fração solúvel do óleo diesel (FSO) em Prochilodus vimboides. Os peixes foram expostos a três diferentes diluições da FSO por até 96 horas e comparados com um grupo controle. Os danos nos fragmentos de DNA foram analisados utilizando o ensaio Cometa. A presença de anormalidades nos eritrócitos foi avaliada pelo teste do micronúcleo. A atividade da Aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e da acumulação de cobre nas brânquias também foram analisados. Os peixes expostos por 96 h tiveram maiores taxas de danos do que aqueles expostos por 24 h. Não houve diferença significativa quanto à presença de micronúcleos entre os peixes expostos e controle e entre 24 e 96 h exposições. Para AST, não foi observada diferença significativa entre as amostras coletadas em dois tempos de exposição. Os peixes expostos a uma diluição de 1:100 do FSO apresentaram maior atividade da enzima ALT do que os peixes do controle após um período de exposição de 24 horas. Não houve bioacumulação de cobre nas brânquias. Os efeitos genotóxicos nas células foram os mais evidentes em P. vimboides durante a exposição aguda a FSO.

Effect of environmental factors on blood counts of Gambusia affinis caught at Brantas River watershed, Indonesia

“… 61 In fish and other aquatic animals, erythrocytes can be damaged by pollutants dissolved in the water. 62 …”

Effect of environmental factors on hematology profile of Gambusia affinis caught at Brantas River watershed, Indonesia

“…61 In fish and other aquatic animals, erythrocytes can be damaged by pollutants dissolved in the water. 62 Leukocytes play an important part in the immune system. These cells help rid the body of foreign substances, including invading pathogens, through the immune response system.…”

Physiological Response of the Hard Coral Pocillopora verrucosa from Lombok, Indonesia, to Two Common Pollutants in Combination with High Temperature

“…Diesel is introduced to the environment via oil spills from ships and harbors, from discharge of routine tanker operations and from municipal and urban runoff [ 20 , 21 ]. Among the water-soluble constituents in diesel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose the highest threat to the environment [ 22 , 23 ]. Several studies have discovered toxic effects of PAH on aquatic organisms, mainly fish [ 21 , 24 – 26 ].…”