Acute toxicity of some synthetic cyanogens in rats and their response to oral treatment with alpha-ketoglutarate

Assessment of antioxidant properties of alpha-keto acids in vitro and in vivo

“…It seems that the keto acids as antioxidant supplements can be useful upon poisoning with different drugs, heavy metals, oxidants and other xenobiotics in which metabolism is connected with ROS formation. In support of this, the ability of AKG to prevent oxidative modification of biomolecules was observed earlier under treatment of model animals with ethanol [6], sodium valproate [36], sodium nitroprusside and cyanide [7]. The antioxidant defense of living organisms declines with age, and it is supposed to be a cause of chronic oxidative stress, which leads as a result to development of many pathological states and diseases.…”

“…During last decades, their protective role against various stressful factors accompanied by oxidative stress development was demonstrated in different models in vivo and in vitro [6,7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The detailed mechanisms of such beneficial effects of KAs are not fully established, although their antioxidant role is offered.…”

“…It has been also reported that some organic keto acids which are normal intermediates of cellular metabolism may possess antioxidant properties. In particular, food supplementation with alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), which is an intermediate of the Krebs cycle, was shown to prevent lipid peroxidation in rats under chronic ethanol administration [6] and cyanide treatment [7], as well as to stabilize redox homeostasis in aged mice [8]. In addition, exogenous AKG displayed neuroprotective effects in the experimental ischemia of hippocampus [9], inhibited H 2 O 2 -induced hemolysis of erythrocytes [10] and alleviated developmental toxicity of ethanol on Drosophila melanogaster [11].…”

Effect of Alpha-Ketoglutarate on Neurobehavioral, Neurochemical and Oxidative Changes Caused by Sub-Chronic Cyanide Poisoning in Rats

“…The role of A-KG or STS is independent but complimentary to each other as seen in the higher protective effect when both were given together because A-KG binds cyanide while STS augments its elimination. Recent report on the efficacy of A-KG against toxicity of certain synthetic cyanogens also endorses the fact that A-KG could be effectively used in mitigating the long-term toxicity occurring from dietary sources or occupational exposures [48]. However, the increased lipid peroxidation observed in A-KG ?…”

Effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide on the carbohydrate metabolism of the Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

“…Similarly under hypoxic condition augmented release of LDH in to the tissues were reported by Sharma & Jain (2008). The significant decline of LDH activity in L. rohita further suggest the decrease in the glycolytic process due to the lower metabolic rate as a result of cyanide exposure (Bhattacharya et al 2009). The suppression of SDH activity in subacute conditions indicates derailment of metabolic cycle.…”