Acute toxicity and micronucleus test of conotoxin lt14a in mice

Qiang, Ya‐Wei; Zhang, Guang‐Xian; Zhou, Maojun

doi:10.1111/bcpt.13582

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…In total, 18 Kunming mice (9 male, 9 female) were randomized into 3 groups according to sex and body weight, and they were orally administered RS1 and RS2 by gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg, while control mice were administered an equal volume of saline. Side effects and death in these mice were recorded over 24 h [35,36].…”

Section: Acute Toxicity Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC and LC–MS/MS-Based Quantitative Characterization of Related Substances Associated with Sotalol Hydrochloride

Zhu,

Shen,

Wang

et al. 2024

Molecules

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In total, three related substances (RS) associated with sotalol hydrochloride (STHCl) were herein identified with a novel gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) protocol. Further characterization of these substances was then performed via liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approaches. For these analyses, commercial STHCl samples were used for quantitative HPLC studies and the degradation of STHCl under acidic (1M HCl), alkaline (1M NaOH), oxidative (30% H2O2), photolytic (4500 Lx), and thermal stress conditions (100 °C) was assessed. This approach revealed this drug to be resistant to acidic, alkaline, and high-temperature conditions, whereas it was susceptible to light and oxidation as confirmed through long-term experiments. The putative mechanisms governing RS formation were also explored, revealing that RS3 was derived from the manufacturing process, whereas RS2 was generated via oxidation and RS1 was generated in response to light exposure. The cytotoxicity of these RS compounds was then assessed using MTT assays and acute toxicity test. Overall, this study provides details regarding the characterization, isolation, quantification, and toxicological evaluation of STHCl and associated RS compounds together with details regarding the precise, specific, and reliable novel HPLC technique, thus providing the requisite information necessary to ensure STHCl purity and safety.

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Section: Acute Toxicity Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC and LC–MS/MS-Based Quantitative Characterization of Related Substances Associated with Sotalol Hydrochloride

Zhu,

Shen,

Wang

et al. 2024

Molecules

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show abstract

“…Perhaps the analgesic mechanism is even more complex, since the first data on the modulation of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels by these conotoxins via the activation of GABA B receptors have appeared [ 195 ]. Meanwhile, over the past decade, new data have appeared on analgesic activity in various animal pain models for other conopeptides, in particular, for all three isomers of αO-conotoxin GeXIVA [ 100 , 196 , 197 ], αL-conotoxin lt14a [ 198 , 199 ], α-conotoxins AuIB, MII [ 200 ], BuIA and its analogues [ 201 ], and LvIA [ 202 ].…”

Section: Marine Origin Peptides Targeting Nachrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Origin Ligands of Nicotinic Receptors: Low Molecular Compounds, Peptides and Proteins for Fundamental Research and Practical Applications

et al. 2022

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The purpose of our review is to briefly show what different compounds of marine origin, from low molecular weight ones to peptides and proteins, offer for understanding the structure and mechanism of action of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and for finding novel drugs to combat the diseases where nAChRs may be involved. The importance of the mentioned classes of ligands has changed with time; a protein from the marine snake venom was the first excellent tool to characterize the muscle-type nAChRs from the electric ray, while at present, muscle and α7 receptors are labeled with the radioactive or fluorescent derivatives prepared from α-bungarotoxin isolated from the many-banded krait. The most sophisticated instruments to distinguish muscle from neuronal nAChRs, and especially distinct subtypes within the latter, are α-conotoxins. Such information is crucial for fundamental studies on the nAChR revealing the properties of their orthosteric and allosteric binding sites and mechanisms of the channel opening and closure. Similar data are provided by low-molecular weight compounds of marine origin, but here the main purpose is drug design. In our review we tried to show what has been obtained in the last decade when the listed classes of compounds were used in the nAChR research, applying computer modeling, synthetic analogues and receptor mutants, X-ray and electron-microscopy analyses of complexes with the nAChRs, and their models which are acetylcholine-binding proteins and heterologously-expressed ligand-binding domains.

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Effects of Various Marine Toxins on the Mouse Intestine Organoid Model

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Because of their trace existence, exquisite structure and unique role, highly toxic marine biotoxins have always led to the development of natural product identification, structure and function research, chemistry and biosynthesis, and there are still many deficiencies in the injury and protection of highly toxic organisms, toxin biosynthesis, rapid detection, poisoning and diagnosis and treatment. In this study, a mouse intestine organoid (MIO) model was constructed to explore the effects of the marine toxins okadaic acid (OA) and conotoxin (CgTx) on MIO. The results showed that the cell mortality caused by the two toxins at middle and high concentrations was significantly higher than the cell mortality of the control group, the ATPase activity in each group exposed to OA was significantly lower than the ATPase activity of the control group, all the CgTx groups were significantly higher than that of the control group, and the number of apoptotic cells was not significantly higher than the number of apoptotic cells of the control group. Through RNA-Seq differential genes, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) experimental results, it was demonstrated that OA reduced cell metabolism and energy production by affecting cell transcription in MIO. Ultimately, cell death resulted. In contrast, CgTx upregulated the intracellular hormone metabolism pathway by affecting the nuclear receptor pathway of MIO, which resulted in cell death and the generation of energy in large amounts.

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Acute toxicity and micronucleus test of conotoxin lt14a in mice

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

HPLC and LC–MS/MS-Based Quantitative Characterization of Related Substances Associated with Sotalol Hydrochloride

HPLC and LC–MS/MS-Based Quantitative Characterization of Related Substances Associated with Sotalol Hydrochloride

Marine Origin Ligands of Nicotinic Receptors: Low Molecular Compounds, Peptides and Proteins for Fundamental Research and Practical Applications

Effects of Various Marine Toxins on the Mouse Intestine Organoid Model

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