Acute toxicity and long-term safety evaluation of the crude extract from rhizomes of Limonium brasiliense in mice and rats

Antonelli-Ushirobira, Tânia Mara; Blainski, Andressa; Fernandes, Henrique G.; Moura-Costa, Gislaine F.; Costa, Marco A. Dalla; Campos-Shimada, Lilian Brites; Salgueiro-Pagadigorria, Clairce Luzia; Kaneshima, Edilson N.; Becker, Tânia Cristina Alexandrino; Leite-Mello, Eneri Vieira de Souza; Mello, João Carlos Palazzo de

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.022

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To assess the in vivo safety of the prepared fermented E. ulmoides leaf extract (FEE), a long-term toxicity test was necessary [23]. Such a test can demonstrate whether daily feeding with FEE under long-term administration will cause tissue and organ damage and can also ensure the feeding dose in real applications.…”

Section: The Prepared Fermented E Ulmoides Leaf Extract Is Safe For L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Fermented and Water-Extracted Leaf Extracts of Eucommia ulmoides on Egg Production and Egg Nutrition

Yang,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Foods

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Although the water extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaf (WEE) promotes egg laying in hens, its palatability is poor. To improve the palatability of E. ulmoides leaf, probiotic fermentation was used, and fermented extract E. ulmoides leaf (FEE) was prepared using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. The safety of FEE was investigated using a long-term toxicity test, and no oxidative damage, inflammatory reactions, or histological lesions were observed in the experimental rats receiving dietary supplementation of FEE at 200 mg/kg, suggesting that FEE is suitable for long-term feeding. Subsequently, dietary supplementation of FEE (group C) in comparison with dietary supplementation of WEE (group B), as well as a control (group A), was applied in the hen industry. Laying performance, egg quality, egg nutrition, egg flavor, and the gut microbiome were analyzed comparatively. Interestingly, the laying rate was observed to be four percentage points higher with dietary supplementation of FEE at 200 mg/kg compared with the control and two percentage points higher compared with the dietary addition of WEE at the same dosage. Simultaneously, a slight upregulation in daily feed consumption was determined in the FEE-supplemented group compared with the blank control and the WEE-supplemented group, indicating that the inclusion of FEE stimulated the hens’ appetite. Moreover, variations in egg amino acids, fatty acids, and volatile components were obtained with either dietary addition, FEE or WEE, implying that dietary supplementation of the fermented and water-extracted E. ulmoides leaf extracts contributed to egg flavor change. Furthermore, variations in the gut microbiota were mediated by FEE, increasing the relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus. These alterations in gut microbiota were tightly related to improved laying performance and egg flavor changes. Our results indicate that FEE is a better alternative feed additive in the hen industry than WEE.

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Section: The Prepared Fermented E Ulmoides Leaf Extract Is Safe For L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Fermented and Water-Extracted Leaf Extracts of Eucommia ulmoides on Egg Production and Egg Nutrition

Yang,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Foods

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“…Long-term toxicity testing is essential to evaluate the in vivo safety of plant extracts for serving as functional foods [34]. It can determine whether long-term administration induces tissue and organ damage, and also can determine the safe dose of administration.…”

Section: Growth Performance Of Rats Under Long-term Ele Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Assessment of the Safety of Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract for Consumption as a Traditional Chinese Health Food

Fu¹,

Peng²,

Tang³

et al. 2023

Journal of Renewable Materials

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To ensure the export quality of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) and facilitate E. ulmoides leaf inclusion in the directory of traditional Chinese health foods, an overall safety assessment of ELE was performed, including genotoxicity and long-term toxicity, according to the national food safety standards of China. No variations in the reverse mutation number of the nominal bacterial strains were observed under ELE treatment in comparison with the solvent control. Additionally, the micronucleus rates of in vivo mammalian erythrocytes and in vitro mammalian cells under ELE treatment were equivalent to or significantly lower than those of the solvent control. The fold change in the trifluorothymidine resistance mutation frequency of the thymidine kinase gene under ELE treatment was less than three times in comparison with the solvent control, suggesting that ELE did not cause genotoxicity. Moreover, animal experiments showed that the growth performance of rats under ELE treatment was enhanced because the body weights of rats increased. No oxidative injury or inflammatory responses were induced and no histopathological lesions of tissues were detected under ELE treatment. In addition, plasma triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly decreased, and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly increased with ELE treatment, suggesting that ELE was health-promoting. Furthermore, moderate to excellent antimicrobial activities, a favorable anticancer capacity, and superior antioxidant abilities of ELE were found, implying ELE possesses good bioactivities. Therefore, we affirmed ELE is safe to consume as a traditional Chinese health food.

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“…In addition, extracts from L. brasiliense have shown antiseptic activity in genitourinary infections [18] and a variety of studies indicated bacteriostatic, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory potential [15,19]. Evaluation of the acute toxicity and long-term safety of the crude extract of this plant in mice and rats showed no or low toxicity [20]. It is believed that part of the described antibacterial, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects might be related to the presence of tannins that have the ability to capture free radicals, to form complex with metal ions and macromolecules and interact unspecifically in a tannin-like manner with proteins [19].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructured Polymer System Containing Proanthocyanidin-Enriched Extract from Limonium brasiliense as a Prophylaxis Strategy to Prevent Recurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis

et al. 2022

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Periodontal diseases are a global oral health problem affecting almost 10% of the global population. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is one of the main bacteria involved in initiation and progression of inflammatory processes as a result of the action of the cysteine proteases lysin- and arginine-gingipain. Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles (MLB), containing a lyophilized proanthocyanidin-enriched fraction from the rhizomes of Limonium brasiliense, traditionally named as “baicuru” (EAF), were manufactured. EAF was characterized by UHPLC by the presence of samarangenins A and B (12.10% ± 0.07% and 21.05% ± 0.44%, respectively) and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (13.44% ± 0.27%). Physiochemical aspects of MLB were characterized concerning particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, EAF release, and mucoadhesion. Additionally, influence of the EAF-loaded microparticles were performed concerning potential influence on viability of human buccal KB cell, Pg adhesion to KB cells, gingipain activity and Pg biofilm formation. In general, all MLB tested showed strong adhesion to porcine cheek mucosa (93.1% ± 4.2% in 30 min test), associated with a prolonged release of EAF (up to 16. 5% ± 0.8% in 24 h). Preincubation of KB cells with MLB (25 µg/mL) resulted in up to 93% ± 2% reduced infection rate by Pg. Decreased activity of the Pg-specific virulence factors lysin- and arginine-gingipain proteases by MLB were confirmed. MLB decreased biofilm formation of Pg (97% ± 2% at 60 µg/mL). Results from this study prove the promising activity of MLB containing EAF microparticles as a prophylaxis strategy to prevent recurrence of Pg.

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Acute toxicity and long-term safety evaluation of the crude extract from rhizomes of Limonium brasiliense in mice and rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Fermented and Water-Extracted Leaf Extracts of Eucommia ulmoides on Egg Production and Egg Nutrition

Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Fermented and Water-Extracted Leaf Extracts of Eucommia ulmoides on Egg Production and Egg Nutrition

Comprehensive Assessment of the Safety of Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract for Consumption as a Traditional Chinese Health Food

Microstructured Polymer System Containing Proanthocyanidin-Enriched Extract from Limonium brasiliense as a Prophylaxis Strategy to Prevent Recurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis

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