Acute Toxicity and Gastroprotective Role ofM. pruriensin Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injuries in Rats

Abstract

The investigation was to evaluate gastroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of M. pruriens leaves on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats. Forty-eight rats were divided into 8 groups: negative control, extract control, ulcer control, reference control, and four experimental groups. As a pretreatment, the negative control and the ulcer control groups were orally administered carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The reference control was administered omeprazole orally (20 mg/kg). The ethanolic extract of M. pruriens leaves was given orally to the extract control group (500 mg/kg) and the experimental groups (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg). After 1 h, CMC was given orally to the negative and the extract control groups. The other groups received absolute ethanol. The rats were sacrificed after 1 h. The ulcer control group exhibited significant mucosal injuries with decreased gastric wall mucus and severe damage to the gastric mucosa. The extract caused upregulation of Hsp70 protein, downregulation of Bax protein, and intense periodic acid schiff uptake of glandular portion of stomach. Gastric mucosal homogenate showed significant antioxidant properties with increase in synthesis of PGE2, while MDA was significantly decreased. The ethanolic extract of M. pruriens leaves was nontoxic (<5 g/kg) and could enhance defensive mechanisms against hemorrhagic mucosal lesions.

The antiulcer effect of <em>Cibotium barometz</em> leaves in rats with experimentally induced acute gastric ulcer

“…Immunohistochemistry results indicated that pretreatment of rats with C. barometz extract produced upregulation of HSP70 protein, which protected the cells from oxidative stress or heat shock. Moreover, the downregulation of HSP70 protein expression is one of the types of gastric damage that was characteristic of the ulcer group, which is similar to studies reported by a huge number of coworkers 21,27,66,67. The generation of ROS by ethanol led to downregulation of HSP70 expression and upregulation of Bax proteins.…”

Modulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Tissue Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) by the Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia dalzielli H Attenuates Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer in Albino Rats.

“…The erosion of the gastric mucus leads to sodium ion influx, potassium ion outflow, increase pepsin secretion, and elevation in gastric hydrochloric concentration and histamine, with their eventual discharge into the gastric lumen. [27,7] The results of this study show an elevated VEGF level after oral intake of absolute ethanol in rats. It was argued that VEGF is elevated to dilute ethanol and other ulcerogenic products as a gastric protective mechanism.…”

“…Zinc was reported to prevent gastric lesion in ethanol-induced gastric model through reinforcement of the antioxidant activity, stimulation of prostaglandin E 2 , and upregulation of HSP70. [27] Similarly, flavonoids are wellknown anti-ulcer agents. [28] It has been established in previous studies that intragastric intake of absolute ethanol in rats decreases gastric blood flow, increases the level of IL-1β and TNFα, and generates ROS that results in lipid peroxidation expressed by elevation in MDA and 4-hydrononenal levels.…”

Methanol leaf extract of <em>Actinodaphne sesquipedalis</em> (Lauraceae) enhances gastric defense against ethanol-induced ulcer in rats

“…Gastroprotective agents prescribed for ulcer are generally nonspecific, by which the secretion of gastric acid is controlled by antacids, H 2 receptor blockers (ranitidine, famotidine) or proton pump blockers (omeprazole and lansoprazole), proton pump inhibitors or antihistamines 5. However, recently, these drugs are facing major problems due to their limited efficacy against gastric diseases and severe side effects 6,7…”