Acute renal failure following drip infusion pyelography

Contrast Nephropathy

“…As awareness of the toxicity of contrast media has grown over the past few years, so have estimates of the frequency of complica tions. Several predisposing factors have been implicated; the most significant are preexisting renal insufficiency [8,18,20,22,[29][30][31][32][33] and diabetes mellitus [3,5,11,18,20,25,31,33]. Of the more than 250 published cases of con trast nephropathy, over 90% involved patients with renal insufficiency and over 50% involved patients with dia betes mellitus.…”

“…Of the more than 250 published cases of con trast nephropathy, over 90% involved patients with renal insufficiency and over 50% involved patients with dia betes mellitus. Dehydration [7,50,58,61], multiple myeloma [61][62][63], dosage of contrast [3,11], and vascular disease [22,29,32] have also been implicated as predis posing conditions. Preexisting renal disease and diabetes mellitus are especially important in identifying subpopu lations of patients at increased risk; the incidence in these subpopulations and in the general population are dis cussed, as well as the significance of the other risk factors mentioned.…”

“…78]. However, studies of the fractional sodium excre tion usually show low values and thus fail to consistently support a diagnosis of ATN [29,79], Thus, it appears that contrast agents have a direct toxic effect on the kidney, but the exact role in the pathogenesis remains unclear.…”

The Pathogenesis, Outcomes, and Prevention of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury

“…It is difficult to arrive at an actual incidence of RCM-associated renal dysfunction, largely due to varying definitions among the various studies. This incidence is extended between 0% in a random population and 92% in a high-risk population, that is, those with diabetes or heart failure with preexising renal insufficiency (Alexander et al, 1978;Barrett et al, 1992;Berg et al, 1992;Berns, 1989;Byrd and Sherman, 1979;Carvallo et al, 1975;Cochran et al, 1983;Cramer et al, 1985;D'Elia et al, 1982;Davidson et al, 1989;Diaz-Buxo et al, 1975;Gale et al, 1984;Gomes et al, 1989;Harkonen and Kjellstrand, 1981;Katholi et al, 1993;Khoury et al, 1983;Kinnison et al, 1989;Krumlovsky et al, 1978;Mason et al, 1985;Parfrey et al, 1989;Pathria et al, 1987;Pelz et al, 1984;Pendergrass et al, 1942;Pendergrass et al, 1955;Pillay et al, 1970;Quader et al, 1998;Roy et al, 1985;Rudnick et al, 1995;Schwab et al, 1989;Shafi et al, 1978;Shieh et al, 1982;Shusterman et al, 1987;Sunnegardh et al, 1990;Taliercio et al, 1986;Teruel et al, 1981;Waybill and Waybill, 2001;Weinrauch et al, 1977).…”

The Pathogenesis and Prevention of Radiocontrast Medium-Induced Renal Dysfunction

“…It is difficult to arrive at an actual incidence of RCM-associated renal dysfunction, largely due to varying definitions among the various studies. This incidence is extended between 0% in a random population and 92% in a high-risk population, that is, those with diabetes or heart failure with preexising renal insufficiency (Alexander et al 1978;Barrett et al 1992;Berg et al 1992;Berns 1989;Byrd and Sherman 1979;Carvallo et al 1975;Cochran et al 1983;Cramer et al 1985;Davidson et al 1989;D'Elia et al 1982;Diaz-Buxo et al 1975;Gale et al 1984;Gomes et al 1989;Harkonen and Kjellstrand 1981;Katholi et al 1993;Khoury et al 1983;Kinnison et al 1989;Krumlovsky et al 1978;Mason et al 1985;Parfrey et al 1989;Pathria et al 1987;Pelz et al 1984;Pendergrass et al 1942Pendergrass et al , 1955Pillay et al 1970;Quader et al 1998;Roy et al 1985;Rudnick et al 1995;Schwab et al 1989;Shafi et al 1978;Shieh et al 1982;Shusterman et al 1987;Sunnegardh et al 1990;Taliercio et al 1986;Teruel et al 1981;Waybill and Waybill 2001;Weinrauch et al 1977).…”