Acute pulmonary toxicity and pyrogenicity of inhaled lipid A

Acute pulmonary toxicity of lipopolysaccharides in defined salt forms

“…A neutrophil response was also demonstrated for Agrobacterium sp. lipid A, although the response was about three times weaker than that provoked by lipid A from C. freundii and E. agglomerans [9]. In the present study it was found that lipid A/BSA preparations from each of the three LPS showed high anticomplementary activities of equal magnitude.…”

“…LPS was inactive [7,8]. The neutrophil response was also caused by BSA-complexed lipid A preparations from the LPS [9]. A neutrophil response was also demonstrated for Agrobacterium sp.…”

“…After hydrolysis, the solution was neutralized with 1 M acetic acid, dialyzed, and freeze-dried. Lipid A was prepared from the LPS by mild acid hydrolysis as described in [9], and complexed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a ratio of 1:1 [11]. 0378-1097/82/0000-0000/$02.75 © 1982 Federation of European Microbiological Societies…”

“…Guinea pigs of both sexes (weight, 464 + 115 g) were exposed for 40 rain to aerosols created from suspensions containing LPS at the concentration of 25 /~l/ml. The conditions during the exposures were identical to those described in [9]. The animals were killed by an intraperitoneal injection of mebumal 24h after the exposure.…”

“…The increase in the number of macrophages found in these studies has later been found to be due to altered surface characteristics of these cells, yielding a higher harvest by lavage (M.-C. Snella, 1982, unpublished). The neutrophil response to inhaled LPS is dose-dependent [7,8], and has been shown to be caused by the lipid A part of LPS [9].…”