Acute pulmonary toxicity of lipopolysaccharides in defined salt forms

Helander, Ilkka M.; Piiparinen, Juha; Rylander, Ragnar

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb00051.x

Cited by 3 publications

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References 11 publications

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“…There is a large variation in results measuring the same sample between laboratories [Chun et al, 2000]. It has also been shown that the test measures only a part of the biologically active compound [Helander et al, 1982;Rylander, 1997]. In spite of these limitations, the results from the Limulus measurements are regularly used to make risk assessments and suggestions for guidelines based upon Limulus values have been proposed [Rylander, 1997].…”

Section: The Nature Of Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic dusts and disease: A continuous research challenge

Rylander

2004

American J Industrial Med

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Research on organic dust during recent years has revealed major clinical effects and some causative agents. Many of the symptoms reported are caused by an inflammation in the airways, characterized by a neutrophil response. This condition can cause a non-allergic asthma. There are also reactions characterized by lymphocyte accumulation and by specific IgE antibody formation. Causative agents identified as bacterial endotoxins, molds, and different allergens.

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Section: The Nature Of Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic dusts and disease: A continuous research challenge

Rylander

2004

American J Industrial Med

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Free lung cell phagocytosis and lysosomal enzyme activity after inhalation of lipopolysaccharide in guinea-pigs

1985

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Free lung cells were studied in guinea-pigs different times after an inhalation exposure to bacterial endotoxin yielding a dose of about 1 microgram/animal. After exposure the number of alveolar macrophages (AM) and neutrophils was increased. The phagocytosis capacity of the lung was increased, mainly due to the influx of neutrophils. The activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from exposed animals was decreased in AM cell cultures and increased in lavage fluid 2 hours and later after exposure. Cathepsin D activity was also decreased in AM cell cultures but did not change in lavage fluid. Lactate dehydrogenase was increased in lung lavage fluid. The results show that LPS inhalation activates AM and that increased amounts of lysosomal enzymes are present in the airways.

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Endotoxin inhalation induces neutrophil chemotaxis by alveolar macrophages

Snella

Rylander

1985

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Guinea-pigs were exposed to an aerosol of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). The free lung cell response and alveolar macrophage (AM) chemotaxis were studied. Neutrophils from guinea-pig blood gave larger migration responses than those obtained by intraperitoneal glycogen stimulation or human neutrophils. An increase in the number of neutrophils in the airways was found with a peak at 12-24 hours after exposure. In animals pre-treated with LPS inhalation for 4 months, the reaction was of shorter duration and smaller magnitude. AM showed in vitro chemotactic activity up to 4 hours after exposure; no difference was found in pre-treated animals. The results suggest that the neutrophil invasion in the airways after LPS is dependent on two mechanisms, the initial being AM chemotaxis, which is not modified by pre-exposure to LPS, and another unknown factor, which is modified by pre-exposure to LPS.

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Acute pulmonary toxicity of lipopolysaccharides in defined salt forms

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Organic dusts and disease: A continuous research challenge

Organic dusts and disease: A continuous research challenge

Free lung cell phagocytosis and lysosomal enzyme activity after inhalation of lipopolysaccharide in guinea-pigs

Endotoxin inhalation induces neutrophil chemotaxis by alveolar macrophages

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