Acute Poisoning with Emamectin Benzoate

Abstract

This paper describes a case of acute poisoning with Proclaim insecticide (Syngenta, Taiwan), consisting of 2.15% w/w emamectin benzoate in 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-phenol and 1-hexanol. The clinical manifestation was transient gastrointestinal upset with endoscopy-proven gastric erosion and superficial gastritis, mild central nervous system depression, and aspiration pneumonia. No specific antidote exists for emamectin benzoate intoxication; this patient was treated successfully with gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal, and empiric antibiotics. Drugs that enhance GABA activity such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines were avoided.

Rapid Development of Life-Threatening Emamectin Benzoate Poisoning

“…9 With respect to human EB toxicity, there is only one other documented case in the literature by Yen and Lin. 7 In their case, the authors report on a patient who ingested 100 mL of Proclaim, which contained 2.15% EB diluted with 400 mL of tap water. 7 They note that the patient in their case presented with mild confusion and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and cramping discomfort.…”

“…7 In their case, the authors report on a patient who ingested 100 mL of Proclaim, which contained 2.15% EB diluted with 400 mL of tap water. 7 They note that the patient in their case presented with mild confusion and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and cramping discomfort. Following laboratory and radiological investigation, the patient was found to have aspiration pneumonitis and admitted to the inpatient hospital.…”

“…[2][3][4] In addition to its agricultural use, EB also has antiparasitic effects on sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) that affect Atlantic salmon, and has been registered for use in several countries since 1999. [5][6][7] Although a few studies have evaluated the toxic effects of avermectin on humans, there is a paucity of information regarding human toxicity associated with EB. 7 This case report describes rapid deterioration of a patient following ingestion of EB.…”

“…[5][6][7] Although a few studies have evaluated the toxic effects of avermectin on humans, there is a paucity of information regarding human toxicity associated with EB. 7 This case report describes rapid deterioration of a patient following ingestion of EB.…”

Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 2. Polyether glycosidic ionophores and macrocyclic glycosides

“…A primary fermentation product of Streptomyces avermitilis, avermectin B1 170, is an important and widely used agricultural pesticide (230). Although compound 168 is extremely effective against mites, it is much less effective against nematodes, especially the cabbage looper, the corn earworm, and the southern armyworm (230).…”