Rapid Development of Life-Threatening Emamectin Benzoate Poisoning

Park, Joon Min

doi:10.12788/emed.2018.0084

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Emamectin binds to GABA receptors and glutamate-gated chloride channels and unsettles nerve signals within arthropods. It stimulates the release of neurotransmitters from the synapses and increases GABA's affinity for its receptor on the postsynaptic endings by increasing chloride permeability 5,6 . The route of elimination is through faeces by the P-Glycoprotein efflux transporter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Park et al reported a 75-year-old male who intentionally ingested emamectin 2.15% mixed with alcohol. He developed severe metabolic acidosis and hypotension and died after 12 hours from ingestion 6 . Yen et al reported a case of acute poisoning with emamectin benzoate with symptoms of nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps treated with gastric lavage and activated charcoal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rare case of fatal Emamectin poisoning

Vikram,

Sathish

2024

Sri Lanka J Forensic Med, Sci & Law

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Emamectin is a macrocyclic lactone-ring insecticide widely used on various vegetable crops and fruits. Emamectin acts through high-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors by increasing the chloride permeability, thus causing muscle paralysis in invertebrates. Here we report a fatal case of intentional ingestion of emamectin in an adult. A 53-year-old male presented to the emergency department with an alleged history of suicidal ingestion of emamectin benzoate 5% water soluble granules mixed with around 180ml of ethyl alcohol following which he developed vomiting and was immediately taken to a nearby hospital. Gastric lavage was performed; however, he succumbed to death the following day. The autopsy examination showed evidence of stomach mucosal erosions, alveolar oedema, and hepatic necrosis. Chemical analysis of viscera detected qualitatively the presence of emamectin benzoate in blood and tissues. Toxicological analysis of emamectin and its potential limitations was discussed. Death following emamectin poisoning in humans has been reported very little in the literature due to which its spectrum of clinical features is difficult to comment upon. Future case studies and literature will help better understand the range of clinical and autopsy features to aid the prompt diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of fatal Emamectin poisoning

Vikram,

Sathish

2024

Sri Lanka J Forensic Med, Sci & Law

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“…Among the insecticides that were combined with CsA in this study, indoxacarb is bioactivated by esterase to prevent the entrance of Na + into nerve cells and block nerve conduction [ 33 ]. Emamectin benzoate causes the indraft of Cl - , which is an allosteric modulator of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA) and glutamate-gated chloride channel (Glu-Cl) in nerve cells, and which prevents muscle contractions [ 34 ]. Unlike indoxacarb and emamectin benzoate, CsA binds to cyclophilin and inhibits CaN activity by increasing Ca 2+ concentrations after CsA enters the cells [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda

Sun

Wang

et al. 2022

Toxins

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The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, causes substantial annual agricultural production losses worldwide due to its resistance to many insecticides. Therefore, new insecticides are urgently needed to more effectively control FAW. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a secondary metabolite of fungi; little is known about its insecticidal activity, especially for the control of FAW. In this study, we demonstrate that CsA shows excellent insecticidal activity (LC50 = 9.69 μg/g) against FAW through significant suppression of calcineurin (CaN) activity, which is a new target for pest control. Combinations of CsA and indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate, or Vip3Aa showed independent or synergistic toxicity against FAW; however, the combination of CsA and chlorantraniliprole showed no toxicity. Sublethal doses of CsA led to decreases in FAW larval and pupal weight, pupation, emergence, mating rates, adult longevity, extended development of FAW larvae and pupae and the pre-oviposition period of adults, and increases in the proportion of pupal malformation. Importantly, CsA treatment reduced FAW ovarian size and female fecundity, which suggests that it has great potential to suppress FAW colony formation. Taken together, these results indicate that CsA has high potential as an insecticide for controlling FAW.

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“…Indoxacarb blocks nerve conduction by inhibiting the entry of Na + into nerve cells [ 45 , 46 ]. Emamectin benzoate acts on GABA and the glutamate-gated chloride channel (Glu-Cl) to increase the amount of Cl − in nerve cells, thereby paralyzing target insects [ 47 , 48 ]. Unlike these three insecticides, azadirachtin and Cry1Ac are digestive system insecticides [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclosporin A as a Potential Insecticide to Control the Asian Corn Borer Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Sun

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Insects

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The long-term use of chemical insecticides has caused serious problems of insect resistance and environmental pollution; new insecticides are needed to solve this problem. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a polypeptide produced by many fungi, which is used to prevent or treat immune rejection during organ transplantation. However, little is known about the utility of CsA as an insecticide. Therefore, this study evaluated the insecticidal activity of CsA using Ostrinia furnacalis as a model. The results demonstrated that CsA was toxic to O. furnacalis with LC50 values of 113.02 μg/g and 198.70 μg/g for newly hatched neonates and newly molted third-instar larvae, respectively. Furthermore, CsA treatment had sublethal effects on the development of O. furnacalis, and significantly reduced the fecundity of adults; this suggests that CsA has great potential to suppress O. furnacalis populations. Further analysis revealed that CsA suppressed calcineurin activity in larvae. CsA had independent or synergistic toxic effects on O. furnacalis when combined with β-cypermethrin, indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate, azadirachtin, and the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac, which suggests that CsA can help prevent or manage resistance. Our study provides detailed information on the potential of CsA as an insecticide for controlling lepidopterans.

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Rapid Development of Life-Threatening Emamectin Benzoate Poisoning

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

A rare case of fatal Emamectin poisoning

A rare case of fatal Emamectin poisoning

Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda

Cyclosporin A as a Potential Insecticide to Control the Asian Corn Borer Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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