Acute poisoning in children and adolescents hospitalized at the Institute of Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina between 2015-2017

Abstract

Introduction. Acute pediatric poisoning has become an increasingly important medical emergency. This study was aimed at determining characteristics of acute poisoning in children and adolescents hospitalized at the Institute of Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina from 2015 to 2017. Material and Methods. Data were collected from medical records of all patients hospitalized for suspected acute intoxication at the Institute of Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina during the observed time. Results. This study included 519 patients hospitalized for suspected exposure to toxic substances. There were 49% male and 51% female patients. The intoxications had no seasonal features. The toxic substances were commonly taken orally. Medications were the most frequent cause of all poisonings, among which the most commonly reported were drugs for central nervous system disorders. Medications were the most frequent cause of poisoning in children and adolescents, as well as in children up to 10 years of age. In adolescents, the most prevalent cause of intoxication was alcohol abuse. Poisoning with suicidal intent and intentional self-poisoning without suicidal attempt were considerably more frequent in girls than in boys. There were no fatalities. Conclusion. It is of great importance to be familiar with the characteristics and circumstances of acute poisoning to plan and implement adequate preventive measures. SažetakUvod. Akutna trovanja predstavljaju jedno od čestih urgentnih stanja u pedijatriji. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se odrede karakterisike akutnih trovanja kod pacijenata hospitalizovanih u Institutu za zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine Vojvodine u periodu od 2015. do 2017. godine. Materijal i metode. Podaci za istraživanje prikupljeni su iz medicinske dokumentacije pacijenata koji su zbog sumnje na akutnu intoksikaciju ksenobioticima bili hospitalizovani u Institutu za zdravsvenu zaštitu dece i omladine Vojvodine tokom posmatranog perioda. Rezultati. Ovom studijom obuhvaćeno je 519 pacijenata koji su hospitalizovani zbog izloženosti toksičnim materijama. Bilo je 49% pacijenata muškog i 51% pacijenata ženskog pola. Učestalost trovanja ni je imala se-Učestalost trovanja nije imala sezonski karakter. Dominantni put unosa ksenobiotika je peroralni. Najčešći etiološki činilac ukupnih trovanja su lekovi, među kojima su najčešći uzročnici trovanja bili lekovi za lečenje bolesti centralnog nervnog sistema. Najčešći uzročnik trovanja kod dece i adolescenata su lekovi, kao i kod dece uzrasta do 10 godina. Kod adolescenata najčešći uzrok trovanja je alkohol, unet u svrhu uživanja, koji su više konzumirali mladići nego devojke. Trovanja sa suicidalnom namerom i namerna samotrovanja bez suicidalne namere bila su značajno češća kod devojaka nego kod mladića. Nije bilo smrtnih slučajeva. Zaključak. Poznavanje karakteristika i okolnosti akutnih trovanja je značajno kako bi se mogle planirati i sprovoditi adekvatne preventivne mere. Ključne

General principals of emergency poisoning treatment in the general practice office: Challenges and obstacles

“…Uzroci najčešćih trovanja se razlikuju u zavisnosti od porodičnog, radnog i socijalnog okruženja pacijenata (samotrovanja lekovima, kao i korozivnim sredstvima u domaćinstvu -koncentrovana sirćetna kiselina, proizvodi na bazi aktivnog hlora ili kiseonika za čišćenje sanitarne i vodovodne instalacije, beljenje i industrijski deterdženti). Od trovanja lekovima najčešće se susrećemo sa trovanjem benzodiazepinima usled lake dostupnosti ovih lekova [3][4][5] . Eliminacija preko usta unesenog otrova 6 izazvanim povraćenjem, draženjem uvule, nakon unošenja 300-400 ml vode može preduprediti ozbiljnije kliničke komplikacije ukoliko se sprovede u ambulanti opšte medicine 60 minuta nakon gutanja, ako je pacijent svestan i spreman da sarađuje i ukoliko nije reč o korozivnoj materiji i ugljovodonicima koji se ne smeju udahnuti u pluća.…”

“…The causes of the most frequent poisonings defer depending on the patient's family, working, and social surroundings (medication self-poisoning, as well as, household corrosive substances -concentrated acetic acid, active chlorine, or oxygen-based products intended for the cleaning of sanitary or pipe installations, bleaching, and industrial detergents). As far as medication poisoning is concerned, the most frequent is benzodiazepine poisoning due to their easy access [3][4][5] . Ingestion of 300-400 ml of water and then pushing up the uvula may instigate vomiting and thus eliminate the through mouth ingested poison 6 which can forestall severe clinical complications if performed in GP's office 60 minutes after ingestion, that is if the patient is alert and ready to cooperate and if it's not a corrosive substance or hydrocarbons which mustn't be inhaled into lungs.…”

Dažniausi Apsinuodijimai Vaikų Amžiuje

“…Kituose regionuose (Europoje, Vakarų Azijoje) dažniau apsinuodija berniukai [4]. Sugrupavus pediatrinius pacientus į skirtingus amžiaus laikotarpius, stebimos išskirtinai kiekvienai amžiaus grupei būdingos apsinuodijimų aplinkybės (1 lentelė) [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Patterns of alcohol use among first grade high school students in Novi Sad

“…As for the consequences of alcohol consumption among adolescents, acute intoxications are the most common [8]. Moreover, alcohol abuse is the most prevalent cause of acute poisoning among adolescents, while younger children most frequently get intoxicated with medications [9]. Chronic illnesses related to alcohol consumption take longer to appear and they are not that common at younger age [8].…”