Acute phase proteins in cattle: discrimination between acute and chronic inflammation

Horadagoda, N. U.; Knox, Katelyn; Gibbs, H. A.; Reid, S. W. J.; Horadagoda, A.; Edwards, Sarah C.; Eckersall, P.D.

doi:10.1136/vr.144.16.437

Cited by 305 publications

(299 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Normal concentrations of haptoglobin are reported to be less than 0.35 mg/mL (Horadagoda et al, 1999), but in both age groups and throughout the 28 days post-castration, concentrations were above this. Indeed, even the pre-treatment concentrations were elevated above normal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare outcomes for 3- and 6-month-old beef calves in a tropical environment castrated surgically or by applying rubber rings

Petherick

Small

Reid³

et al. 2015

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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a b s t r a c tCastration of cattle using rubber rings is becoming increasingly popular due to the perceived ease of the procedure and greater operator safety when compared with surgical castration. Few comparative studies have investigated the effects of different castration methods and calf age on welfare outcomes, particularly in a tropical environment. Thirty Belmont Red (a tropically adapted breed), 3-month-old (liveweight 71-119 kg) and 30, 6-month-old (liveweight 141-189 kg) calves were assigned to a two age × three castration (surgical, ring and sham) treatment factorial study (Surg3, Surg6, Ring3, Ring6, Sham3 and Sham6, n = 10 for each treatment group). Welfare outcomes were assessed post-castration using: behaviour for 2 weeks; blood parameters (cortisol and haptoglobin concentrations) to 4 weeks; wound healing to 5 weeks; and liveweights to 6 weeks. More Surg calves struggled during castration compared with Sham and Ring (P < 0.05, 90 ± 7% vs. 20 ± 9% and 24 ± 10%) and performed more struggles (1.9 ± 0.2, 1.1 ± 0.3 and 1.1 ± 0.3 for Surg, Sham and Ring, respectively), suggesting that surgical castration caused most pain during performance of the procedure. A significant (P < 0.05) time × castration method × age interaction for plasma cortisol revealed that concentrations decreased most rapidly in Sham; the Ring6 calves failed to show reduced cortisol concentrations at 2 h post-castration, unlike other treatment groups. By 7 h post-castration, all treatment groups had similar concentrations. A significant (P < 0.01) interaction between time and castration method showed that haptoglobin concentrations increased slightly to 0.89 and 0.84 mg/mL for Surg and Ring, respectively over the first 3 days post-castration. Concentrations for Surg then decreased to levels similar to Sham by day 21 and, although concentrations for Ring decreased on day 7 to 0.76 mg/mL, they increased significantly on day 14 to 0.97 mg/mL before reducing to concentrations similar to the other groups (0.66 mg/mL) by day 21. Significantly (P < 0.05) more of the wounds of the 3-month compared with the 6-month calves scored as 'healed' at day 7 (74% vs. 39%), while more (P = 0.062) of the Surg than Ring scored as 'healed' at day 21 (60% vs. 29%). At day 14 there were significantly (P < 0.05) fewer healed wounds in Ring6 compared with other treatment groups (13% vs. 40-60%). Liveweight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in 3-month (0.53 kg/day) than in 6-month calves (0.44 kg/day) and in Sham calves (P < 0.001, 0.54 kg/day), than in Ring (0.44 kg/day) and Surg (0.48 kg/day) calves. Overall, welfare outcomes were slightly better for Surg than Ring calves due to reduced inflammation and faster wound healing, with little difference between age groups. Crown

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, even the pre-treatment concentrations were elevated above normal. Although haptoglobin is reported to be a sensitive acute-phase protein in cattle indicative of systemic inflammation (Horadagoda et al, 1999), it has been found to be elevated by social and psychological stressors in some species,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare outcomes for 3- and 6-month-old beef calves in a tropical environment castrated surgically or by applying rubber rings

Petherick

Small

Reid³

et al. 2015

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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“…Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a sensitive APP in cattle [1,8,11,13,24]. SAA has been shown to reflect the severity of mastitis; cows with clinical mastitis had almost 100-fold levels of SAA in serum and milk compared with healthy cows [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum amyloid A and TNF? in serum and milk during experimental endotoxin mastitis

2004

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-A cross-over study was conducted to investigate the effect of intramammarily infused lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the acute phase reaction in early (EL) and in late (LL) lactation. Nine cows received intramammary injections of 100 µg of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 LPS during EL and LL. The severity of each cows systemic and local signs and change in milk appearance were recorded and scored throughout the experiment. Systemic and local signs were found to be more serious in EL cows. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was detected in milk but not in serum. Serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations increased both in serum and in milk. The milk TNFα concentrations peaked at 8 h post-challenge (PC). SAA concentrations started to increase at 8 h PC, and peak concentrations were seen at 32 and 48 h PC in milk and serum, respectively. The milk TNFα and SAA seemed to be correlated, being on average higher in EL. Serum SAA concentration was not correlated with milk TNFα or SAA, nor with the severity of local or systemic signs, but was correlated with changes in milk appearance. LPS / mastitis / dairy cow / SAA / TNFα

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“…whose concentrations change in response to injury, infection or inflammation as part of the systemic response. In cattle, haptoglobin has been found to be a useful marker of inflammation (Horadagoda et al, 1999). Therefore, we chose haptoglobin to ascertain if calves fed the experimental diet could suffer injuries or bacterial infections associated with low ruminal pH, like liver damage or lipopolysaccharides reaching the bloodstream, but no livers were removed because no abscesses were visible.…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance, ruminal changes, behaviour and welfare of growing heifers fed a concentrate diet with or without barley straw

Faleiro

González

Blanch

et al. 2011

Animal

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Two experiments were conducted to ascertain the effects of feeding an all-concentrate diet to growing heifers on performance, ruminal fermentation, behaviour and welfare. In experiment 1, eight tethered rumen fistulated Holstein heifers (143 6 8.7 kg, initial BW) were used to study the effects of treatment on intake, ruminal changes and behaviour. In experiment 2, 48 Friesian female calves (initial BW 5 84.5 6 1.37 kg) were used to study the effects of treatment on performance, behaviour and welfare in feedlot conditions. In both experiments, treatments consisted of concentrate with barley straw (BS) or without barley straw (NBS) and feed was offered at 0830 h on an ad libitum basis. Experiment 1 was performed in four 42-day periods, and sampling was carried out in the last week of each period. Ruminal samples were collected over 3 days at 0, 4, 8 and 12 h post-feeding to measure pH, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH 3 -N concentrations. Maintenance behaviour was video-recorded for 24 h over three consecutive days of each experimental period and feed intake pattern was studied by means of feed bunks mounted on digital platform scales. There were no statistical differences in average daily gain (ADG), concentrate dry matter (DM) intake or CP intake. In contrast, NDF intake and ADF intake were greater in heifers fed BS than NBS. Average ruminal pH was lower, whereas total VFA was greater, in heifers fed NBS diet. There were no differences in NH 3 -N, and in D-and L-lactate concentrations. Time spent in ruminating was shorter, and stereotypies were more frequent in heifers fed diet NBS compared with those fed BS. In experiment 2, nine 28-day periods were established, in which DM intake and ADG were measured, blood and faecal samples were taken for haptoglobin and glucocorticoid metabolites determination, respectively, as welfare indicators, and behaviour was monitored by video recording. Concentrate intake was similar in both treatments, but total feed intake was greater in heifers fed BS diet. As there were no differences in ADG between treatments, gain efficiency was lower in those fed BS than those fed NBS. Blood haptoglobin and faecal glucocorticoids metabolites were not different between treatments. In these competitive conditions, rumination was also reduced and stereotypic behaviour increased by straw exclusion. In conclusion, performance was either not affected or improved by straw exclusion, but animal behaviour was affected, suggesting a negative effect on animal welfare.

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Acute phase proteins in cattle: discrimination between acute and chronic inflammation

Cited by 305 publications

References 25 publications

Welfare outcomes for 3- and 6-month-old beef calves in a tropical environment castrated surgically or by applying rubber rings

Welfare outcomes for 3- and 6-month-old beef calves in a tropical environment castrated surgically or by applying rubber rings

Serum amyloid A and TNF? in serum and milk during experimental endotoxin mastitis

Performance, ruminal changes, behaviour and welfare of growing heifers fed a concentrate diet with or without barley straw

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