Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated with Dietary Supplements Containing 1,3-Dimethylamylamine and Citrus aurantium

Smith, Triston; Staub, Brian; Natarajan, Gayathri M.; Lasorda, David; Poornima, Indu

doi:10.14503/thij-12-2870

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…More serious and life-threatening effects have also been reported, such as hemorrhagic stroke (Gee, 2010; 2012; Young et al, 2012), hepatotoxicity (Foley et al, 2014), myocardial infarction (Smith et al, 2014), and death (Eliason et al, 2012). Generally, DMAA is not taken alone, but as a component of weight-loss supplements, several of which also contain caffeine (Lammie, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abuse liability of the dietary supplement dimethylamylamine

Dolan

Gatch

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is a component of many dietary supplements and has recently been associated with numerous adverse effects, prompting the US military and World Anti-Doping Agency to ban its use as a supplement. The current study aimed to elucidate the abuse liability profile of DMAA. Methods Dose-response studies of DMAA were performed with Swiss-Webster mice in locomotor and conditioned place-preference assays. The discriminative stimulus effects of DMAA were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats trained to discriminate either cocaine or methamphetamine from saline. Results DMAA produced dose-dependent locomotor depression and fully substituted for cocaine and partially substituted for methamphetamine. In the conditioned place-preference assay, DMAA produced an inverted-U-shaped dose-response curve, with intermediate doses producing significant place preference. Conclusions The cocaine- and methamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects and the conditioned place preference produced by DMAA suggest that is has potential for abuse. These findings in combination with reports of substantial adverse effects of DMAA in humans suggest that control of DMAA may warrant further consideration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abuse liability of the dietary supplement dimethylamylamine

Dolan

Gatch

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…More serious and life-threatening effects also have been reported, such as acute myocardial infarction [35], cardiac arrest [36], hemorrhage stroke [37–39] and death [16, 40]. In addition, hepatotoxic effects were associated with the use of OEP as: acute hepatitis and liver injury [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of controlled doses of Oxyelite Pro on physical performance in rats

et al. 2016

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BackgroundOxyElite Pro (OEP) is a dietary supplement to increase metabolism which contains as key stimulant the ingredient 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Serious adverse effects have been reported after OEP consumption however, these effects are related to poisoning or overdose. To our knowledge, no one studied the effects of OEP at controlled doses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate acute and chronic OEP affects, at controlled doses in Wistar rats, on physical performance, metabolic parameters, liver injury markers and oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle.MethodsRats were divided in control, 4.3 mg OEP/kg, 12.9 mg OEP/kg and 25.8 mg OEP/kg. All groups were submitted to supplementation with OEP for 4 weeks and the experimental protocols were performed 30 min after the first OEP administration (acute response) and 30 min after the last OEP administration at the end of the forth week (chronic response).ResultsRunning distance and running time increased after acute administration of 12.9 mg OEP/kg (2.6-fold) and 25.8 mg OEP/kg (2.8-fold). Since no effect on the exercise tolerance test was observed at the lower OEP dose (4.3 mg OEP/kg), this group was removed from further analyzes. On other hand, running distance and running time decreased after daily supplementation for 4 weeks also in both groups (64% in 12.9 mg OEP/kg and 72% in 25.8 mg OEP/kg). Chronic supplementation at both 12.9 and 25.8 mg OEP/kg decreased TBARS levels in soleus muscle (36 and 31%) and liver (43 and 25%). AOPP was also decreased by both doses in the liver (39 and 45%). Chronic administration of the highest dose, 25.8 mg OEP/kg, was able to reduce mRNA expression of PGC-1α in soleus muscle (25%). No effect was found in other analyses such as spontaneous physical activity, body weight, food and water intake, hepatic toxicity, cardiac oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA amount.ConclusionMaximum and not recommended doses of OEP ingested acutely presented stimulating effect on the ability to exercise. However, its daily consumption for 4 weeks showed antioxidant effects in soleus muscle and liver which may have decreased the PGC-1α mRNA expression on soleus muscle and contributed to the impaired performance in the exercise tolerance test.

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“…In addition, warning labels educating consumers that combining highly concentrated caffeine products with other stimulants, particularly when consumed in conjunction with physical activity, may also help prevent adverse effects such as cardiotoxicity [21,[24][25][26][27][28][39][40][41][42][43][44]. However, given the current lack of regulation of these products, appropriate labeling and product warnings may remain scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study of Clinical Effects of Powdered Caffeine Exposures Reported to Three US Poison Control Centers

et al. 2016

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Introduction Anhydrous caffeine, often sold on the Internet as a powdered caffeine product, is sold as "pure caffeine" to be used as an additive to beverages and has also been used as an ingredient in energy supplement products. Methods This is a retrospective multiple-poison center chart review of calls regarding powdered caffeine to poison centers covering Oregon, Alaska, Guam, Washington, and Utah between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2015.Results There were 40 calls to three poison centers over 30 months for powdered caffeine exposure. The majority of patients were over age 19 (52.5 %; 21/40) and male (70 %; 28/ 40). Sixty percent (24/40) of the patients were symptomatic but only 10 % (4/40) required admission; 52.5 % (21/40) of the patient calls were for inadvertent overdose of powdered caffeine; one patient overdosed in a self-harm attempt. Discussion Powdered caffeine calls to three poison centers during a 30-month study period were rare, and severe caffeine toxicity due to exposure was found in few patients. The majority of symptoms were reported after an inadvertent powdered caffeine overdose. Conclusions An analysis of calls to three poison centers for powdered caffeine found that exposures were uncommon, but did result in toxicity, and highlighted that the lack of clear dosing instructions on product packaging may place patients at risk of inadvertent overdose.

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Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated with Dietary Supplements Containing 1,3-Dimethylamylamine and Citrus aurantium

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Abuse liability of the dietary supplement dimethylamylamine

Abuse liability of the dietary supplement dimethylamylamine

Effects of controlled doses of Oxyelite Pro on physical performance in rats

A Retrospective Study of Clinical Effects of Powdered Caffeine Exposures Reported to Three US Poison Control Centers

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