Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology in pediatrics

Abstract

We performed a search in the MEDLINE database using the MeSH term: "Acute Kidney Injury", selecting the subtopic "Epidemiology", and applying age and year of publication filters. We also searched for the terms: "acute renal failure" and "epidemiology" "acute tubular necrosis" and "epidemiology" in the title and summary fields with the same filters. In a second search, we searched in the LILACS database, with the terms: "acute renal injury", or "acute renal failure" or "acute kidney injury" and the age filter. All abstracts were evaluated by the authors and the articles considered most relevant, were examined in their entirety. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) -related mortality ranged from 3-63% in the studies included in this review. AKI etiology has marked regional differences, with sepsis being the main cause in developed countries. In developing countries, primary renal diseases and hypovolemia are still a common cause of AKI.

Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Urinary Stone Disease in Children and Young Adults Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department

“…Pediatric AKI studies have typically focused on critically ill populations or those children requiring dialysis, thus making our analysis unique (8,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Additionally, large cross-sectional pediatric cohort studies have investigated inpatient populations and reported sepsis/shock, respiratory failure, liver or heart disease, bone marrow transplant, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and nephrotoxic medications as the most common causes of pediatric AKI (25,(27)(28)(29). While urinary stones are noted in multiple studies, they are not considered a major cause of pediatric AKI; however, Jamal et al found that urinary stones accounted for 30% of AKI in a single-center Pakistani cohort (12).…”

Impact of the use of nephrotoxic drugs in critically ill pediatric patients

“…This finding is relevant in the context of critically ill children because drug-induced renal dysfunction is potentially reversible. ( 2 )…”

“…Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication often found in patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) and is characterized by a reduced glomerular filtration rate and/or urine output. ( 1 , 2 ) The main complications related to this disorder are increased fluid overload, reduced excretion of nitrogen compounds, and fluid and electrolyte and acid-base disorders. In addition, patients have longer hospital stays and a higher risk of death.…”

Long-term survival of children following acute peritoneal dialysis in a resource-limited setting

“…Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decline in renal function that is characterized by retention of nitrogenous waste products [ 1 ]. Globally, it is one of the leading causes of childhood death, with varying incidence, etiologies, and outcomes [ 2 ]. The pooled global incidence of pediatric AKI is estimated at 33.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.9 to 41.3) [ 3 ].…”