Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Anatomo-pathological and epidemiological analysis of urinary tract lesions in dogs

“…With the progression of this process, occurs the formation of cylinders causing obstruction of urinary flow (post-renal azotemia). KHAN et al (2015) classified acute renal damage that was similar to that described in this study as acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis. Data concerning the classification of acute tubular necrosis presented in this study were not consistent with the protocols described in KHAN's study.…”

“…These are key symptoms of chronic kidney disease that is characterized by the formation of a vicious cycle that includes progressive loss of nephrons with replacement by fibrous connective tissue. The mechanism suggested for this, although not yet fully understood, involves systemic hypertension and intra-renal glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertrophy and/or tubular atrophy of cells (KHAN et al, 2015). Cases of glomerulosclerosis identified in this study progressed to renal fibroplasia.…”

“…Structural and functional differences in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) significantly contribute to the increased susceptibility of elderly animals to the nephrotoxic response when compared to younger animals (KHAN, 2015). In this study, approximately 70% of the subjects were aged animals and were affected by a variety of diseases, such as glomerulosclerosis and fibroplasia that had led to chronic renal failure.…”

“…According to KHAN et al (2015), acute renal failure is characterized by rapid failure of glomerular filtration rate, which can develop in a few hours or over a number of weeks, with a consequent F= females; M= males; * = amount corresponding to total of each group; PB= pure breed; MB = mixed breed; P = puppies; AD = adults; ED= elderly; UN= uninformed.…”

“…In the veterinary literature, urinary tract lesions have mainly been classified according to their distribution and etiopathogenesis (NEWMAN et al, 2013), associating them to clinical and epidemiological factors and to the resulting impact of these lesions occurrence (LULICH et al, 2008). Many injuries can be considered incidental necropsy findings (MAXIE & NEWMAN, 2007) but can be the cause of death or reason for euthanasia in this animal species, especially when associated with acute or chronic renal failure (KHAN et al, 2015).…”