Acute Irritation and Sensitization Potential of Petroleum-Derived JP-5 Jet Fuel

Kinkead, E.R.; Wolfe, R. E.; Salins, S. A.

doi:10.3109/10915819209142099

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…No deaths were observed in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a single oral dose of neat JP-4 of 8 g/kg; and only 33% mortality was observed in CF, mice administered a single oral dose of 1.0 g JP-4/kg (Kinkead, Wolfe, and Salins, 1993). JP-4 did not cause dermal sensitization in guinea pigs or eye irritation in rabbits, but caused slight skin irritation in rabbits (Kinkead, Salins, and Wolfe, 1992).…”

Section: Jp-4mentioning

confidence: 96%

Petroleum‐related risk factors and soil screening levels

Staats¹,

Mattie²,

Fisher³

1997

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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In an effort to develop risk-based Soil Screening Levels (SSLs) for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in weathered soils, literature reviews were conducted to identify information regarding toxicology and previously developed oral risk factors for neat petroleum products and their potential surrogates, in particular, long chain petroleum hydrocarbons (LCPHs). Oral reference doses (RfDs) were identified in the literature for hexane; nonane; gasoline; JE-4; JP-5; marine diesel fuel; and mineral oil. Alternative RfDs s are proposed for these previously developed oral RfDs and new oral RfDs s were developed for other petroleum-related chemicals where sufficient toxicological information was available. RfDs s were developed for hexane; nonane; decane; C 10 -C 11 isoparaffinic hydrocarbon; dearomatized white spirit C 11 -C 12 ; gasoline; JP-4; JP-5; JP-7; JP-8; marine diesel fuel; mineral oil; and for petroleum wax. Then risk-based SSLs were estimated for each of these compounds using the oral RfDs and the child resident soil ingestion pathway. Finally, a general SSL of 25,000 mg/kg is proposed for LCPHs.

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Section: Jp-4mentioning

confidence: 96%

Petroleum‐related risk factors and soil screening levels

Staats¹,

Mattie²,

Fisher³

1997

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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Evaluation of skin sensitization potential of jet fuels by murine local lymph node assay

et al. 2000

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Biological And Health Effects Of Exposure To Kerosene-Based Jet Fuels And Performance Additives

Ritchie

Still

Rossi

et al. 2003

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

132

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Over 2 million military and civilian personnel per year (over 1 million in the United States) are occupationally exposed, respectively, to jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8), JP-8 +100 or JP-5, or to the civil aviation equivalents Jet A or Jet A-1. Approximately 60 billion gallon of these kerosene-based jet fuels are annually consumed worldwide (26 billion gallon in the United States), including over 5 billion gallon of JP-8 by the militaries of the United States and other NATO countries. JP-8, for example, represents the largest single chemical exposure in the U.S. military (2.53 billion gallon in 2000), while Jet A and A-1 are among the most common sources of nonmilitary occupational chemical exposure. Although more recent figures were not available, approximately 4.06 billion gallon of kerosene per se were consumed in the United States in 1990 (IARC, 1992). These exposures may occur repeatedly to raw fuel, vapor phase, aerosol phase, or fuel combustion exhaust by dermal absorption, pulmonary inhalation, or oral ingestion routes. Additionally, the public may be repeatedly exposed to lower levels of jet fuel vapor/aerosol or to fuel combustion products through atmospheric contamination, or to raw fuel constituents by contact with contaminated groundwater or soil. Kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuels are complex mixtures of up to 260+ aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (C(6) -C(17+); possibly 2000+ isomeric forms), including varying concentrations of potential toxicants such as benzene, n-hexane, toluene, xylenes, trimethylpentane, methoxyethanol, naphthalenes (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], and certain other C(9)-C(12) fractions (i.e., n-propylbenzene, trimethylbenzene isomers). While hydrocarbon fuel exposures occur typically at concentrations below current permissible exposure limits (PELs) for the parent fuel or its constituent chemicals, it is unknown whether additive or synergistic interactions among hydrocarbon constituents, up to six performance additives, and other environmental exposure factors may result in unpredicted toxicity. While there is little epidemiological evidence for fuel-induced death, cancer, or other serious organic disease in fuel-exposed workers, large numbers of self-reported health complaints in this cohort appear to justify study of more subtle health consequences. A number of recently published studies reported acute or persisting biological or health effects from acute, subchronic, or chronic exposure of humans or animals to kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuels, to constituent chemicals of these fuels, or to fuel combustion products. This review provides an in-depth summary of human, animal, and in vitro studies of biological or health effects from exposure to JP-8, JP-8 +100, JP-5, Jet A, Jet A-1, or kerosene.

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Acute Irritation and Sensitization Potential of Petroleum-Derived JP-5 Jet Fuel

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Petroleum‐related risk factors and soil screening levels

Petroleum‐related risk factors and soil screening levels

Evaluation of skin sensitization potential of jet fuels by murine local lymph node assay

Biological And Health Effects Of Exposure To Kerosene-Based Jet Fuels And Performance Additives

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