Acute infectious diarrhea. I. Epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis

Guerrant, Richard L.; Lohr, Jacob A.; Williams, Elizabeth K.

doi:10.1097/00006454-198605000-00015

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Bacterial etiology accounts for 25 to 40% of the diarrhea in Mexico [6,7], 22% in Spain [17], 20% in Thailand [26], 19% in Central Africa [18], 16% in Brazil [16], and 14% in Ethiopia [27], compared with 5 to 10% in the USA [3,6]. At KFSH&RC, bacterial etiology was seen in 7.3% of the 19, 437 diarrheal patients, with salmonellae being the most frequent (52%), followed by Campylobacter (28%) and Shigella (15%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide, the number of cases of diarrhea may approach several billion annually, with 10 to 15 million deaths per year in all age groups in the developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America [2]. In the United States, diarrhea may attack each member of the population one to three times each year, while those living in developing tropical areas may have up to nine illnesses each year [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmonella and Campylobacter are the most common causative agents of bacterial diarrhea in the USA, whereas Shigella and Campylobacter are more frequent in Mexico and the tropics [3,6,7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etiology of Bacterial Diarrhea in a Major Referral Center in Saudi Arabia

al-Qatary

et al. 1991

Ann Saudi Med

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Etiology of Bacterial Diarrhea in a Major Referral Center in Saudi Arabia

al-Qatary

et al. 1991

Ann Saudi Med

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“…This is a particularly useful approach to take when the mechanism(s) of spread and environmental pathways of the pathogen are well understood, as is the case in person-to-person spread and some vectorborne diseases. However, it poses a problem when the environmental pathways of the pathogen are only partially understood, as is the case with most enteric disease (27). Modeling of enteric disease has consequently been limited to those enteropathogens whose primary mechanism of spread is person to person rather than those where animal reservoirs are the primary source of pathogens (26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Approaches To Modeling Human Disease Ecologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it poses a problem when the environmental pathways of the pathogen are only partially understood, as is the case with most enteric disease (27). Modeling of enteric disease has consequently been limited to those enteropathogens whose primary mechanism of spread is person to person rather than those where animal reservoirs are the primary source of pathogens (26)(27)(28)(29). Indeed, we have been unable to find any evidence of an attempt to model campylobacteriosis or similar enteropathogen zoonoses.…”

Section: Approaches To Modeling Human Disease Ecologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen survival trajectories: an eco-environmental approach to the modeling of human campylobacteriosis ecology.

Skelly

Weinstein²

2003

Environ Health Perspect

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Campylobacteriosis, like many human diseases, has its own ecology in which the propagation of human infection and disease depends on pathogen survival and finding new hosts in order to replicate and sustain the pathogen population. The complexity of this process, a process common to other enteric pathogens, has hampered control efforts. Many unknowns remain, resulting in a poorly understood disease ecology. To provide structure to these unknowns and help direct further research and intervention, we propose an eco-environmental modeling approach for campylobacteriosis. This modeling approach follows the pathogen population as it moves through the environments that define the physical structure of its ecology. In this paper, we term the ecologic processes and environments through which these populations move "pathogen survival trajectories." Although such a modeling approach could have veterinary applications, our emphasis is on human campylobacteriosis and focuses on human exposures to Campylobacter through feces, food, and aquatic environments. The pathogen survival trajectories that lead to human exposure include ecologic filters that limit population size, e.g., cooking food to kill Campylobacter. Environmental factors that influence the size of the pathogen reservoirs include temperature, nutrient availability, and moisture availability during the period of time the pathogen population is moving through the environment between infected and susceptible hosts. We anticipate that the modeling approach proposed here will work symbiotically with traditional epidemiologic and microbiologic research to help guide and evaluate the acquisition of new knowledge about the ecology, eventual intervention, and control of campylobacteriosis.

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Mycoplasmas in the Human Urogenital Tract

Taylor‐Robinson

1993

Rapid Diagnosis of Mycoplasmas

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Acute infectious diarrhea. I. Epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Etiology of Bacterial Diarrhea in a Major Referral Center in Saudi Arabia

Etiology of Bacterial Diarrhea in a Major Referral Center in Saudi Arabia

Pathogen survival trajectories: an eco-environmental approach to the modeling of human campylobacteriosis ecology.

Mycoplasmas in the Human Urogenital Tract

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