Etiology of Bacterial Diarrhea in a Major Referral Center in Saudi Arabia

Sm, Qadri; al-Qatary, K; Ht, Tufenkeji; Ba, Cunha

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.1991.633

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Similar observations have been reported from other Gulf countries, particularly Kuwait, which is also served by a large number of foreign laborers [4,5]. Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis is found to be more common among Saudis than non-Saudis, in agreement with reports from the Riyadh area [6], Eastern Province [7], and Western Province [8] of Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This is similar to what has been found in studies from Singapore [11]. The clinical features of Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis in the Asir region are similar to those reported from other parts of the Kingdom [6,7]. Salmonella typhi and paratyphi isolates which are resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole are common in patients coming from the Indian subcontinent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Salmonella Infections in Asir Region, Southern Saudi Arabia: Expatriate Implications

Malik

Ahmed

et al. 1993

Ann Saudi Med

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Salmonella Infections in Asir Region, Southern Saudi Arabia: Expatriate Implications

Malik

Ahmed

et al. 1993

Ann Saudi Med

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“…This prevalence exceeds those previously reported from cohorts of similar ages in Qatar5,6 and elsewhere in the United States and Europe, in which Salmonella prevalence ranged from 2% to 10% among both PCR- and culture-based studies 9,12,20,24,25. Nontyphoidal Salmonella is recognized as a major bacterial cause of infectious diarrhea and the most common bacterial cause of foodborne outbreaks, but its incidence has declined over recent years in Europe and the United States 26,27.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Migrant Workers in Qatar

Humphrey

Ranbhise

Ibrahim

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The causes of infectious diarrhea among the migrant worker population in Qatar are not well understood. We conducted a prospective observational study to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics and infectious causes of diarrhea among migrant workers in Doha, Qatar. A total of 126 male workers presenting to the Qatar Red Crescent Worker's Health Center outpatient clinic or emergency department were studied over a 5-month period in 2015–2016. Epidemiologic surveys were administered to all subjects and the prevalence of 22 different stool pathogens was determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (FilmArray® Gastrointestinal PCR). A target pathogen was identified in 62.7% of subjects. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen and was detected in 24.6% of subjects, followed by Salmonella (22.2%), enteroaggregative E. coli (15.1%), Giardia lamblia (9.5%), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (8.7%). Multiple pathogens were identified in 49.3% of positive stool samples. In a multivariable analysis, the presence of a heart rate ≥ 90 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–10.0) and > 5 fecal leukocytes/high-power field (adjusted OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2–7.0) were significant predictors of detecting an acute inflammatory pathogen by PCR. Use of multiplex PCR enabled the detection of gastrointestinal pathogens in a high proportion of cases, illustrating the utility of this diagnostic tool in epidemiologic studies of infectious diarrhea.

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“…However, although the infection occurs all year round in our region, definite peaks of infection in the winter months have been described [17,26]. Additionally, the frequent occurrence of bloody mucoid diarrhoea with leucocytes in the stool, which is similar to clinical presentations in developed countries, has been reported [17,18,21]. It has been suggested that the variation in the pattern of Campylobacter infection in developed versus developing countries is probably due to a higher rate of exposure and infection early in life, resulting in different patterns of immunity [28].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 68%

“…A diversity in the occurrence of Campylobacter as an aetiological agent of bacterial enteritis is evident in reports from Saudi Arabia. Three studies reported in the 1990s have reported Campylobacter detection in patients with bacterial enteritis ranging from 2% [18], 4.5% [19] and 28% [13]. In Kuwait the reported data of Campylobacter enteritis was 2.2% in 1981and 7% in 1989 [15].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Campylobacter enteritis in the Arabian Gulf

Senok

Botta

2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Diarrhoea illnesses constitute a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, Campylobacter spp. has been recognized as the leading cause of bacterial enteritis in both developed and developing countries. The biology of Campylobacters as well as the mechanism by which they cause disease is yet to be fully explained. In addition, non-availability of fast and reliable diagnostic methodology and the growing trend of antibiotic resistance continue to pose significant challenges. The absence of national surveillance programs for campylobacteriosis, particularly in developing countries, makes it difficult to give an accurate picture of the true infection prevalence and the molecular epidemiology of isolates circulating in the populations, a situation which had hitherto existed in the Arabian Gulf region. However, in recent years, emerging data from studies in the Arabian Gulf region has not only enhanced our understanding of the epidemiology of Campylobacter both in humans and poultry in the region, but has also contributed to the overall understanding of the mechanism of Campylobacter enteritis, antibiotic resistance, and improved diagnostic approaches. In this review, we examine these emerging data from the Arabian Gulf region.

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Etiology of Bacterial Diarrhea in a Major Referral Center in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Salmonella Infections in Asir Region, Southern Saudi Arabia: Expatriate Implications

Salmonella Infections in Asir Region, Southern Saudi Arabia: Expatriate Implications

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Migrant Workers in Qatar

Campylobacter enteritis in the Arabian Gulf

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