Acute Immune Responses to Prolonged Exercise in Environmental Extremes

Abstract

This study is to investigate the effect of prolonged exercise with and without a thermal clamp on leukocyte cell, stress hormones, and cytokine responses. Fifteen healthy male volunteers ( means ± SD: age 22 ± 3yr; mass 75.8 ± 3.2kg; maximal oxygen uptake 55 ± 7ml/min/kg) randomly completed four chamber trials of 1 hour each, in different environment and separated by 7 days. Trials were: 1. exercise induced heating (EX‐Heating: temperature/humidity, 38°C/50%); 2. exercise with a thermal clamp (EX‐Cooling: temperature/humidity, 18°C/ 50%); 3. passive heating (PA‐H: temperature/ humidity, 38°C/ 50%); 4. passive cooling (PA‐C: temperature/ humidity, 18°C/50%). EX‐H and EX‐C were composed of 1h treadmill runs at 80% Individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). Blood samples were collected at pre‐post, and 1h post environments exposure. Compared to EX‐H, exercise‐induced increases in core temperature, heart rate, cortisol, human growth hormone, Interleukin‐6, leukocyte and monocyte counts were significantly (p≤0.01) more pronounced after EX‐C. Our results suggest that the additional impact of elevated ambient temperatures on stress responses to endurance exercise in trained subjects seems to affect primarily the hormonal systems and resulting changes in leukocyte number, monocyte and interleukine‐6. This study was supported by the King Saud University

Physiological Responses to Swimming Repetitive “Ice Miles”

“…We should be aware that prolonged exercise with and without thermal stress leads to exercise-induced increases in core body temperature, heart rate, cortisol, lactate, and creatine kinase as it has been shown in different studies with different subjects in different sports disciplines (5,10,13,39). The significance of the observed changes in the present swimmer should be verified in a comparison of the same distances and swim times in water colder than 58 C and in water at moderate temperatures (e.g., 20-258 C) to quantify the thermal stress of the cold water.…”

The Effect of 13 Weeks Long-Distance Bicycle Riding on Inflammatory Response Indicators Related to Joint Cartilage and Muscle Damage

“…High-intensity exercise is known to increase the serum concentration of muscle damage markers, and such changes are influenced by exercise intensity, duration, type and temperature during exercise [ 13 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In the present study, 13 weeks of long-distance cycling did not have any significant influence on the expression of serum CPK, LDH and myoglobin.…”

Função Diastólica e Biomarcadores de Participantes de Caminhada de Longa Distância

“…22 Cientistas também verificaram o efeito do exercício prolongado e das variações de temperatura ambiental no comportamento das creatina quinases e identificaram que quanto mais prolongado o exercício e maior a temperatura ambiental, maiores são as liberações plasmáticas desses biomarcadores. 23 Quanto mais extenso o trecho percorrido em uma menor quantidade de tempo, maiores as chances de lesões musculares e, portanto, a presença sérica de maior quantidade das creatina quinases. Mais um fato importante é que a força de reação do relevo, nos momentos descida, exercida contra os participantes, pode também ocasionar aumento de lesões musculoesqueléticas, devido à maior fonte de impacto com tendência a um custo metabólico mais acentuado durante o declive.…”