Acute Immune and Non-Immune Inflammatory Response in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Normotensive Rats. Role of Endogenous Nitric Oxide

Abstract

The development of the inflammatory response in SHR differs from that in NTR, depending on the nature of the inflammatory stimulus. Endogenous NO plays a clear role in carrageenan-induced inflamma-tion, but not in immunologically mediated inflammation in the analyzed period.

Effects of soy diet on inflammation‐induced primary and secondary hyperalgesia in rat⋆

“…For example, behavioral hyperalgesia that develops following carrageenan injection is similar to that produced by CFA in that local proinflammatory mediators, such as bradykinin, and reactive oxygen species directly activate and sensitize nociceptors (Morris, 2003). However, although carrageenan causes an immune response demonstrable by an increase in leukocyte count, it is generally considered a non-immune inflammatory stimulus, whereas CFA is specifically used as an immunostimulatory inflammatory agent (Stein et al, 1988;Woolf et al, 1997;Holmdahl et al, 2001;Morris, 2003;Ferreira et al, 2007). …”

“…However, although carrageenan causes an immune response demonstrable by an increase in leukocyte count, it is generally considered a non-immune inflammatory stimulus, whereas CFA is specifically used as an immunostimulatory inflammatory agent (Stein et al, 1988;Woolf et al, 1997;Holmdahl et al, 2001;Morris, 2003;Ferreira et al, 2007).…”

Arthritis Induced by Adjuvant in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats: Endogenous Glucocorticoid Effects on Inflammatory Response

“…These results corroborate data from previous studies showing that in certain circumstances SHRs exhibits decreased inflammatory and immunological responses compared with NTRs. Ferreira et al [9] reported a decreased in the vascular permeability in SHRs during the initial active anaphylaxis phase compared with NTRs. Kwasniewski et al [8,16,17], also found different responses in SHRs after triggering an anaphylactic response (e.g., increase in vascular permeability, activation of mast cells, contraction of respiratory pathways) when compared to NTRs.…”

“…We have demonstrated that SHRs does not develop the classical signs of acute inflammation when the inflammatory stimulus used to induce the response is the immunological nature (active anaphylaxis) [9].…”

“…Among the several hypotheses for the establishment and maintenance of hypertension in these animals, possible contributing factors may include high serum levels of corticosteroids [2,3] and abnormalities in immunological activity (reviewed by [4]). Because of the large numbers of humans with hypertension and the implications of the disease, the effects of hypertension on inflammation and inflammatory cells have been studied using the SHR model [5][6][7][8][9].…”