Acute Illnesses Associated With Pesticide Exposure at Schools

Alarcon, Walter A.; Calvert, Geoffrey M.; Blondell, Jerome M.; Mehler, Louise; Sievert, Jennifer; Propeck, Maria; Tibbetts, Dorothy S.; Becker, Alan; Lackovic, Michelle; Soileau, Shannon; Das, Rupali; Beckman, John; Male, Dorilee; Thomsen, Catherine; Stanbury, Martha

doi:10.1001/jama.294.4.455

Cited by 72 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is known that households with children commonly use and store pesticide products. [1][2][3] The use of pesticides at child care facilities, 4 on athletic fields, 5 and on school grounds 6 could all present potential exposures and health hazards to children. Because children's immune systems are still developing, they may provide less protection than adult immune systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Children exposed to pesticides at home or at school have experienced acute toxic effects on their respiratory, gastrointestinal, nervous, and endocrine systems, as well as other serious medical outcomes. 6,9,10 Concern about the health effects of low-level exposure to pesticides in children has been increasing in recent years, generating a substantial number of epidemiologic studies demonstrating associations between pesticide exposures and childhood cancers. [11][12][13][14][15][16] However, most of these studies focused on parental occupational exposure or agricultural exposure, not exposure in the home.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Residential Exposure to Pesticide During Childhood and Childhood Cancers: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2015

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CONTEXT: There is an increasing concern about chronic low-level pesticide exposure during childhood and its influence on childhood cancers. OBJECTIVE:In this meta-analysis, we aimed to examine associations between residential childhood pesticide exposures and childhood cancers. DATA SOURCES:We searched all observational studies published in PubMed before February 2014 and reviewed reference sections of articles derived from searches.STUDY SELECTION: The literature search yielded 277 studies that met inclusion criteria.DATA EXTRACTION: Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. We calculated effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using a random effect model with inverse variance weights. RESULTS:We found that childhood exposure to indoor but not outdoor residential insecticides was associated with a significant increase in risk of childhood leukemia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26-1.72; I 2 = 30%) and childhood lymphomas (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.15-1.78; I 2 = 0%). A significant increase in risk of leukemia was also associated with herbicide exposure (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10-1.44; I 2 = 0%). Also observed was a positive but not statistically significant association between childhood home pesticide or herbicide exposure and childhood brain tumors. LIMITATIONS:The small number of studies included in the analysis represents a major limitation of the current analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Results from this meta-analysis indicated that children exposed to indoor insecticides would have a higher risk of childhood hematopoietic cancers. Additional research is needed to confirm the association between residential indoor pesticide exposures and childhood cancers. Meanwhile, preventive measures should be considered to reduce children's exposure to pesticides at home.

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Residential Exposure to Pesticide During Childhood and Childhood Cancers: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2015

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“…A 2005 study analyzed national surveillance data and found that 2593 cases of acute pesticide-related illnesses were associated with pesticide exposure in schools between 1998 and 2002 (Alarcon et al, 2005). Although there are no comparable data for child care centers, these exposures would be particularly concerning in child care settings, where children are younger than they are in the K-12 school system, and where large numbers of children spend full days.…”

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confidence: 99%

Implementing an integrated pest management (IPM) program in child care centers: A qualitative study

Kalmar¹,

Ivey²,

Bradman³

et al. 2014

Early Childhood Research Quarterly

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a b s t r a c tPesticide use in and around child care centers is a potential health threat to children and staff. The implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) can reduce these risks yet child care providers receive minimal, if any, education concerning pest management. The objectives of this qualitative study are to: (a) develop a model to describe the process of implementing an IPM program in child care centers, (b) identify the facilitators and barriers to implementing an IPM program in child care centers, and (c) examine congruence between IPM practices identified on an IPM checklist with practices reported in qualitative interviews with child care managers. Interviews and IPM checklist observations were conducted with nine child care center managers in California before and after the introduction of a pilot IPM education intervention program. The qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed a four-stage IPM implementation process, from awareness of IPM, recognizing the importance of IPM and learning how to practice it, motivation and the decision to adopt IPM, to the implementation of IPM. A wide range of facilitators and barriers were identified. There was general congruence between the manager interviews and IPM checklist findings on IPM policies, practices, and management. Understanding the process of how an IPM program was implemented in these child care centers and the facilitators and barriers involved in the process can inform planning efforts for future health interventions in child care.

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“…Pesticides that schools use in treating and maintaining school grounds have also been found to pose health risks to children (Alarcon et al, 2005;Gilden et al, 2012). or after treatment (Chatham-Stephens et al, 2011, and can also be tracked inside the building by students and faculty (Nishioka et al, 2001).…”

Section: Environmental Hazards In Schoolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pesticide exposure has been linked to acute flu-like symptoms as well as long-term more serious health issues like cancer. Alarcon et al (2005) identified 2593 school-related pesticide poisonings (from 1998-2002). Between 1993 and 1996, the Government Accountability Office identified around 2,300 reported school pesticide poisonings.…”

Section: Environmental Hazards In Schoolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Criminology and the Reconceptualization of School Violence: Comparing Green School Violence and Traditional Forms of School Violence for School Children

2015

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Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University's research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher's website (a subscription may be required.)Citation: Barrett, Kimberly L., Lynch, Michael J. and Stretesky, Paul B. (2015) Abstract School crime and violence continue to be important topics of criminological inquiry. Forms of violence that have received much attention from criminologists include school gun violence, assaults, and bullying. What appears missing from criminological studies are analyses of different forms of violent victimization imposed on school children related to environmental injustice, pollution, and exposure to toxins. In this article, we argue for the interpretation of these harms as violent victimizations. To facilitate this, we draw upon definitions of violent victimization developed in green criminology, conceptualizing exposure to environmental toxins as violent assault, and introduce the term green school violence (GSV). Next, we draw upon the medical, environmental, and public health literature to offer a series of examples of GSV in the United States, discuss numerous environmental hazards present in American schools, and describe their scope and severity. A conservative estimate of the frequency of GSV suggests that far more school children are victimized by GSV than forms of interpersonal acts of violence.

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Acute Illnesses Associated With Pesticide Exposure at Schools

Cited by 72 publications

References 17 publications

Residential Exposure to Pesticide During Childhood and Childhood Cancers: A Meta-Analysis

Residential Exposure to Pesticide During Childhood and Childhood Cancers: A Meta-Analysis

Implementing an integrated pest management (IPM) program in child care centers: A qualitative study

Green Criminology and the Reconceptualization of School Violence: Comparing Green School Violence and Traditional Forms of School Violence for School Children

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