Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Incarcerated Injection Drug Users

McGovern, Barbara; Wurcel, Alysse G.; Kim, Arthur Y.; Wiesch, Julian Schulze zur; Bica, Ioana; Zaman, M. Tauheed; Timm, Joerg; Walker, Bruce D.; Lauer, Georg M.

doi:10.1086/504327

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Imprisonment in the past six months was independently associated with higher HCV incidence. It has been demonstrated that having injected while in prison predicts HIV and HCV infections (36). Of the 57 participants who reported a recent imprisonment during the study period, only 3 reported having injected drugs while in prison.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The rising prevalence of prescription opioid injection and its association with hepatitis C incidence among street‐drug users

Bruneau

Roy

Arruda³

et al. 2012

Addiction

154

129

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Aims: The study objectives were to examine trends in prescription opioid (PO) injection and to assess its association with HCV seroconversion among injection drug users (IDUs), accounting for other risk factors.Design and Setting: A prospective cohort study of IDUs was carried out between 2004 and 2009 in Montreal, Canada.Participants and Measurements: 246 HCV-negative IDUs were included in this analysis. Semiannual visits included HCV antibody testing and an interview-administered questionnaire assessing risk behaviours. HCV incidence rate was calculated using the person-time method.Time-updated Cox regression models were conducted to examine predictors of HCV incidence.Findings: The proportion of IDUs reporting PO injection increased from 21% to 75% between 2004 and 2009 (p < 0.001). Of the 246 participants (81.6% male; mean age 34.5 years; mean follow-up time 23 months), 83 seroconverted to HCV (incidence rate: 17.9 per 100 person-years; 95% CI 14.3, 22.1). PO injectors were more likely to become infected if they did not use injection heroin (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR): 2.9 (95% CI: 1.5, 5.5)), whereas the association was not statistically significant for participants who reported using both drugs (AHR: 1.2 (95%CI: 0.6, 2.3). Other independent predictors of HCV incidence were: cocaine injection, recent incarceration, and > 30 injections per month.Conclusion: PO injection has increased rapidly in recent years, and appears to be an important risk factor for HCV acquisition. Our results suggest that the risks related to PO injection may be conditioned by specific drug practices which differ from those of heroin users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The rising prevalence of prescription opioid injection and its association with hepatitis C incidence among street‐drug users

Bruneau

Roy

Arruda³

et al. 2012

Addiction

154

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It has been demonstrated that having injected while in prison predicts HIV and HCV infection (McGovern et al, 2006). Of 51 participants reporting recent imprisonment during the study period, just one reported having injected drugs while in prison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Availability of body art facilities and body art piercing do not predict hepatitis C acquisition among injection drug users in Montreal, Canada: Results from a cohort study

Bruneau

Daniel

Kestens

et al. 2010

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…Interventions had been led successfully in prison in a study of 21 prisoners with acute hepatitis C. In our study, we considered that five patients had recent onset, i.e., less than 6 months HCV infection, but none had reached a 10-fold increase in ALT values [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Treatment of Hepatitis C in Prison Inmates

et al. 2008

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We conducted a prospective study to investigate access to treatment in hepatitis C in 268 prisoners. Hepatitis C positivity had been known for 182 prisoners previously and 19 reported previous attempts to treat (10%). In comparison, during our study, 86/268 prisoners (32%) started therapy (P < 0.0001). They represented 41% of 211 prisoners with a positive viral load. In the genotype 2 or 3 group, 46 prisoners (50%) started therapy versus 40 prisoners (33%) with other genotypes (P = 0.01). This difference was due to prisoners waiting for liver biopsy. On an intention to treat basis, 45 prisoners (52%) achieved sustained virological response 6 months after the end of therapy. We conclude that a stay in prison is an effective opportunity to treat a group of hepatitis C patients which otherwise have very limited access to therapy.

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Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Incarcerated Injection Drug Users

Abstract: Incarceration presents a unique opportunity to identify injection drug users with acute HCV infection, to initiate counseling regarding other bloodborne pathogens, and to facilitate immunizations and HCV treatment.

Cited by 41 publications

References 25 publications

The rising prevalence of prescription opioid injection and its association with hepatitis C incidence among street‐drug users

The rising prevalence of prescription opioid injection and its association with hepatitis C incidence among street‐drug users

Availability of body art facilities and body art piercing do not predict hepatitis C acquisition among injection drug users in Montreal, Canada: Results from a cohort study

Access to Treatment of Hepatitis C in Prison Inmates

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