Acute hepatitis C among japanese hemodialysis patients: A prospective 9-year study

Furusyo, Norihiro; Hayashi, Jun; Kakuda, Kyoji; Ariyama, Iwao; Kanamoto-Tanaka, Yoko; Shimizu, Chihiro; Etoh, Yoshitaka; Shigematsu, Masaru; Kashiwagi, Seizaburo

doi:10.1016/s0002-9270(01)02264-x

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…per 100,000 person-years (5), but lower than European and Japanese rates reported in hemodialysis populations (0.4 per 100 person-years to 2.59 per 100 person-years) (27)(28)(29). We found that younger age, history of transplant and history of past HBV infection were associated with HCV infection (19,30,31).…”

Section: Figure 1) Flow Chart Of Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv) Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis Patients in British Columbia: Follow‐up after a Possible Breach in Hemodialysis Machines

Buxton

Whitlock

et al. 2008

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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BACKGROUND: A possible breach of the transducer protector in specific dialysis machines was reported in June 2004 in British Columbia (BC), which led to testing of hemodialysis patients for hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV. This testing provided an opportunity to examine HCV incidence, prevalence and coinfection with HBV and HIV, and to compare anti-HCV and HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR).METHODS: The results of hemodialysis patients who were dialyzed on the implicated machines (65% of BC dialysis patients), and tested for HCV, HBV and HIV, between June 1, 2004, and December 31, 2004, were reviewed and compared with available previous results.RESULTS: Of 1286 hemodialysis patients with anti-HCV and/or HCV-PCR testing, 69 (5.4%) tested positive. Two HCV genotype 4 seroconversions were identified. HCV incidence rate on dialysis was 78.8 cases per 100,000 person-years. Younger age, history of renal transplant and past HBV infection were associated with HCV infection. No occult infection was identified using HCV-PCR.INTERPRETATION: Hemodialysis patients had three times the HCV prevalence rate of the general BC population, and more than 20 times the incident rate of the general Canadian population. One of the two seroconversions occurred before the testing campaign; the patient was likely infected during hemodialysis in South Asia. The other was plausibly a late seroconversion following renal transplant in South Asia. Nosocomial transmission cannot be ruled out because both patients were dialyzed in the same centre. Baseline and annual anti-HCV testing is recommended. HCV-PCR should be considered at baseline for persons with HCV risk factors, and for returning travellers who received dialysis in HCV-endemic countries to identify HCV infection occurring outside the hemodialysis unit.

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Section: Figure 1) Flow Chart Of Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv) Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis Patients in British Columbia: Follow‐up after a Possible Breach in Hemodialysis Machines

Buxton

Whitlock

et al. 2008

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…With the high incidence and prevalence,1 – 4 higher liver-related co-morbidity at the dialysis stage,5 – 8 poor graft and patient survival,9 – 11 and poor response to interferon-based therapy at the post-transplantation stage,25 – 28 dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C are encouraged to receive antiviral therapy at the dialysis stage rather than at the post-transplantation stage. Although small-scale clinical trials showed that standard interferon or pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin may achieve a high SVR in dialysis patients, severe adverse events frequently occurred29 – 33 and routine use of ribavirin is not recommended 13 – 15 22 34…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in dialysis patients, with the reported prevalence and annual incidence ranging from 3 to 80% and 2.9%, respectively 1 – 4. Although dialysis patients with HCV infection usually present with mild symptoms and mild elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, previous studies have shown that these patients harbour higher liver-related morbidity and mortality rates at the dialysis stage,5 – 8 and poor graft and patient survival after renal transplantation 9 – 11…”

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confidence: 99%

Pegylated interferon -2a versus standard interferon -2a for treatment-naive dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C: a randomised study

Liu

Liang

et al. 2007

Gut

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“…17 The small but definite incidence of acute HCV infection detected in chronic HD patients in developed countries, after the elimination of post-transfusion HCV infection, also supports HCV transmission by nosocomial routes. 12,13,18 Several mechanisms could potentially contribute to nosocomial HCV transmission between hemodialysis patients: dialyzer reuse, internal contamination of hemodialysis machines, and contamination of the hands of staff members or of items shared between patients. The relationship between dialyzer reuse and anti-HCV positivity has been confirmed in some 19 but not all studies.…”

Section: Transmission Of Hcv Within Hemodialysis Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C infection and the patient with end-stage renal disease

2002

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)and is an important cause of liver disease in this population. Acquisition of HCV infection continues to occur in dialysis patients because of nosocomial spread. The natural history of HCV in dialysis patients remains controversial because the course of HCV typically extends over decades, whereas dialysis patients have higher morbidity and mortality rates than those of the general population limiting long-term follow-up. However, recent reports suggest that HCV infection affects the survival of chronic dialysis patients as well as renal transplant ( L iver disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by dialysis or transplantation. 1 Viral hepatitis was suspected to be prevalent in patients with ESRD maintained on chronic hemodialysis (HD) nearly 3 decades ago. Development of diagnostic testing for hepatitis B virus (HBV) confirmed a high incidence and prevalence of HBV infection both in patients and staff in HD units. A number of measures mandated by the Centers for Disease Control, including isolation of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients, dedicated dialysis machines, and regular surveillance for HBV infection, dramatically reduced the spread of HBV in this setting by the late 1970s. However, many cases of liver disease in ESRD were unexplained and were ascribed to non-A, non-B hepatitis. Once the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was cloned, 2 it rapidly became evident that HCV was frequent in patients with ESRD on HD and that HCV transmission was occurring within HD units in the absence of the usual parenteral risk factors (i.e., blood transfusion or illicit drug use) ( Table 1). A number of other important facets of HCV infection in ESRD patients have been recognized, including false-negative serologic tests and an absence of biochemical dysfunction despite viremia. However, despite this, progressive liver disease can occur and is a particular concern in the patient who is a renal transplantation (RT) recipient. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of HCV Infection in ESRDWith first-and second-generation serologic testing for HCV available, a number of investigators 3 reported a high prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity in patients with ESRD on chronic dialysis, most of whom were also viremic by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A high rate of false-negative serologic testing was also noted. Bukh et al. 4 reported that 2.6% of dialysis patients seronegative by second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were viremic by PCR. However, the more recent

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Acute hepatitis C among japanese hemodialysis patients: A prospective 9-year study

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis Patients in British Columbia: Follow‐up after a Possible Breach in Hemodialysis Machines

Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis Patients in British Columbia: Follow‐up after a Possible Breach in Hemodialysis Machines

Pegylated interferon -2a versus standard interferon -2a for treatment-naive dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C: a randomised study

Hepatitis C infection and the patient with end-stage renal disease

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