Acute hematologic, hepatologic, and nephrologic changes after intraperitoneal injections of 18 nm gold nanoparticles in hamsters

Abstract

In vivo responses to gold nanoparticles (GNPs) vary not only according to the size, shape, surface charge, and capping agent of GNPs but also according to the animal model, the route of administration, and the exposure frequency and duration. We illustrate here the changes in some hematologic parameters, in the hepatic and renal functions, and in the histopathology of solid organs after multiple intraperitoneal injections of 18 nm GNPs in adult male Syrian golden hamsters. We scored the histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys to grade the deleterious effects. Multiple intraperitoneal injections of 18 nm GNPs in hamsters were nonlethal in the short term but resulted in macrocytosis and hypochromasia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis. The hepatic and renal functions showed nonsignificant changes; however, histopathological examination showed hepatic and renal alterations ranging from mild to marked degeneration, with occasional necrosis of hepatocytes and tubular epithelium.

Combined Photothermal and Nanochemotherapy in Treatment of Induced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Hamsters

“…Moreover, it was found that inflammation, infection, iron deficiency anemia and cancer were known to elevate the platelet count (59) .Decrease in HB and RBCs levels with DMBA, GNR/NTQ without laser, and NTQ groups, while significantly decreased with GNR/NTQ/laser and GNR/laser groups. These results were as Zhang et al (52) and Saleh et al, (53) who attributed that to the ability of gold nanoparticles to pass through endothelial membrane of the bone marrow, which interfere with the erythropoiesis lead to immature RBCs. Nithya et al (60) reported that restoration of HB contents and RBC count in mice that received TQ after B(a)P-induction, indicated that TQ might protect the tissue from hypoxia and reduced the extent of tumorigenesis.…”

“…In line with the current results, was Zhang et al study (52) who recorded an increase in AST and ALT after use of 10 nm and 60 nm of GNPs in rats. Whereas Saleh et al (53) injected normal hamsters by 18 nm of GNPs and found no significant elevation in AST and ALT levels. Route of administration, type of laser and the shape of GNPs could affect the results (54) .…”

Effects of treatment with gold nanoparticles in a model of acute pulmonary inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide

“…According to Shanmugasundaram, Radhakrishnan, Gopikrishnan, Kadirvelu, and Balagurunathan (), compared to other metallic nanoparticles, Ag and Au are less toxic to humans and animals. However, several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown different results regarding the toxicity of GNPs, which can be justified by the difference in physical parameters (size and shape), dose, biological system being investigated, route of administration, and duration of treatment (Kim, Zaikova, Hutchison, & Tanguay, ; Saleh et al, ; Shaheen et al, ). In our work, we used 20 nm particles at a concentration of 2.5 mg/kg based on the results of previous studies (Barathmanikanth et al, ; Muller et al, ; Muller et al, ; Singh et al, ).…”

Gold Nanoparticle-Induced Cell Death and Potential Applications in Nanomedicine

“…In an in vivo study, hepatocyte injury (atrophy and necrosis) induced by GNPs (10, 20, and 50 nm) in rats was also size dependent, with the smallest GNPs inducing the highest effects [ 77 ]. Administration of 30 ppb of 18 nm-sized GNPs for 14 consecutive days in hamsters induced mild to marked degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes and tubular epithelium [ 78 ], although no effects on plasma proteins, liver, and renal function were observed. Taken together, these data suggest that necrosis induced by GNPs is size dependent.…”