Acute Exercise and Training Alter Blood Lipid and Lipoprotein Profiles Differently in Overweight and Obese Men and Women

Abstract

Our purpose was to elucidate effects of acute exercise and training on blood lipids‐lipoproteins, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) in overweight/obese men (n = 10) and women (n = 8); age, BMI, body fat percentage, and VO2max were (mean ± SEM): 45 ± 2.5 years, 31.9 ± 1.4 kg·m−2, 41.1 ± 1.5%, and 25.2 ± 1.3 mlO2·kg−1·min−1. Before exercise training subjects performed an acute exercise session on a treadmill (70% VO2max, 400 kcal energy expenditure), followed by 12 weeks of endurance exercise training (land‐based or aquatic‐based treadmill): 3 sessions·week−1, progressing to 500 kcal·session−1 during which subjects maintained accustomed dietary habits. After training, the acute exercise session was repeated. Blood samples, obtained immediately before and 24 h after acute exercise sessions, were analyzed for serum lipids, lipoproteins, and hsCRP adjusted for plasma volume shifts. Exercise training increased VO2max (+3.67 mlO2·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.001) and reduced body weight (−2.7 kg, P < 0.01). Training increased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL2b‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations (+3.7 and +2.4 mg·dl−1, P < 0.05) and particle numbers (+588 and +206 nmol·l−1, P < 0.05) in men. In women despite no change in total HDL‐C, subfractions shifted from HDL3‐C (−3.2, P < 0.01) to HDL2b‐C (+3.5, P < 0.05) and HDL2a‐C (+2.2 mg·dl−1, P < 0.05), with increased HDL2b particle number (+313 nmol·l−1, P < 0.05). Training reduced LDL3 concentration and particle number in women (−1.6 mg·dl−1 and −16 nmol·l−1, P < 0.05). Acute exercise reduced the total cholesterol (TC): HDL‐C ratio in men (−0.16, P < 0.01) and increased hsCRP in all subjects (+0.05 mg·dl−1, P < 0.05), regardless of training. Training did not affect acute exercise responses. Our data support the efficacy of endurance training, without dietary intervention, to elicit beneficial changes in blood lipids‐lipoproteins in obese men and women.

The interaction effects of aerobic exercise training and vitamin D supplementation on plasma lipid profiles and insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats

“…In our study, exercise led to improvements in lipids profile as well. In agreement with our results, Greene et al also reported that obese middle-aged men and women participating in endurance exercise at 70% of VO2max, 3 times per week for 12 weeks had significant improvements in lipid profiles [58]. Sung & Bae reported a similar finding in diabetic elderly men participating in walking exercise at 65-75% of HRmax for 50 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 24 weeks [59].…”

Marathon performance but not BMI affects post-marathon pro-inflammatory and cartilage biomarkers

“…We have shown that hsCRP is elevated after a marathon race -similar to those reported by Kim et al (Kim, Lee, & Kim, 2009) -independent of BMI. However, the increase in hsCRP in our study (+1.5mg/ml) was smaller than that reported by Greene et al (Greene, Martin, & Crouse, 2012) (+5.0 mg/ml) who reported elevated hsCRP in overweight and obese persons 24 hours after acute exercise regardless of training. Nonetheless, hsCRP in some participants exceeded values considered as risk factor for cardiovascular disease (above 3.0 mg/L (Ridker & Libby, 2007)) 24 hours after the marathon race.…”

Effects of Combinational Procyanidins in Grape Seed Extract and Exercise on the Levels of Glucose and Blood Lipid Profile

“…The results of numerous studies [30][31][32][33][34][35], indicate that moderate physical exercise increases the plasma values of c-HDL and it reduces the plasma values of TG and c-LDL. Nevertheless, the type, intensity, frequency, and the ideal duration of the physical exercise, are variables that are not yet widely agreed upon.…”

“…A persistent increase in glycaemia results in the storage of glucose in the liver in the form of glycogen. This is emitted later into the circulatory system and through glycolysis is transformed into coenzyme A, capable of binding to proteins and thus gives rise to lipoproteins, which would explain the increase of c-LDL that is experienced in this situation [30][31][32].…”