Acute effects of nicotine on attention and response inhibition

Bekker, Evelijne M.; Böcker, K.B.E.; Hunsel, Fran Van; Berg, M.C. van den; Kenemans, J. Leon

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2005.10.009

Cited by 68 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Due to experimental constraints, we limited the CPT task to 6 min, which was not sufficient time to observe a vigilance decrement. The performance improvement (fewer false alarms and faster response time) we observed when nicotine was administered after overnight tobacco deprivation is consistent with previous studies in which nicotine was administered transdermally (Bekker et al, 2005;Trimmel and Wittberger, 2004) or via subcutaneous injection (Foulds et al, 1996). In the nondeprived condition, we observed increased hits, decreased false alarms, and decreased variability of response time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray

Myers

Taylor

Moolchan

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

126

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The discovery of the role of nicotinic receptors in attention and memory has led to the testing of nicotinic analogs as cognitive enhancing agents in patient populations. Empirical information about nicotine's ability to enhance elements of attention and memory in normal individuals might guide development of therapeutic uses of nicotine in cognitively impaired populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on continuous attention, working memory, and computational processing in tobacco-deprived and nondeprived smokers. A total of 28 smokers (14 men, 14 women) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study, in which they were overnight (12 h) tobacco deprived at one session and smoked ad libitum before the other session. At each session, participants received 0, 1, and 2 mg nicotine via nasal spray in random order at 90 min intervals. Before and after each dose, a battery of cognitive, subjective, and physiological measures was administered, and blood samples were taken for plasma nicotine concentration. Overnight tobacco deprivation resulted in impaired functioning on all cognitive tests and increased self-reports of tobacco craving and negative mood; nicotine normalized these deficits. In the nondeprived condition, nicotine enhanced performance on the continuous performance test (CPT) and an arithmetic test in a dose-related manner, but had no effect on working memory. In general, women were more sensitive than men to the subjective effects of nicotine. These results provide an unequivocal determination that nicotine enhanced attentional and computational abilities in nondeprived smokers and suggest these cognitive domains as substrates for novel therapeutic indications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray

Myers

Taylor

Moolchan

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In our patients, SSRT correlated with go accuracy and IIV, both of which reflect attentional processing rather than response inhibition. Other work has also shown that paying attention to task-relevant stimuli can play an important role in determining SSRT (54). Hence, the changes in SSRT observed after TBI might reflect impairments of attention rather than pure motor inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Salience network integrity predicts default mode network function after traumatic brain injury

Bonnelle

Ham

Leech

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

537

415

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Efficient behavior involves the coordinated activity of large-scale brain networks, but the way in which these networks interact is uncertain. One theory is that the salience network (SN)-which includes the anterior cingulate cortex, presupplementary motor area, and anterior insulae-regulates dynamic changes in other networks. If this is the case, then damage to the structural connectivity of the SN should disrupt the regulation of associated networks. To investigate this hypothesis, we studied a group of 57 patients with cognitive impairments following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 25 control subjects using the stop-signal task. The pattern of brain activity associated with stop-signal task performance was studied by using functional MRI, and the structural integrity of network connections was quantified by using diffusion tensor imaging. Efficient inhibitory control was associated with rapid deactivation within parts of the default mode network (DMN), including the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. TBI patients showed a failure of DMN deactivation, which was associated with an impairment of inhibitory control. TBI frequently results in traumatic axonal injury, which can disconnect brain networks by damaging white matter tracts. The abnormality of DMN function was specifically predicted by the amount of white matter damage in the SN tract connecting the right anterior insulae to the presupplementary motor area and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. The results provide evidence that structural integrity of the SN is necessary for the efficient regulation of activity in the DMN, and that a failure of this regulation leads to inefficient cognitive control. E fficient behavior involves the coordinated activity of largescale brain networks (1, 2). These networks can be identified by studying patterns of brain activity measured by functional MRI (fMRI) (3). A key question is whether-and in what waythe interactions between these networks control behavior. Regions on the medial wall of the frontal lobe, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and presupplementary motor area (preSMA), often show highly correlated brain activity with the anterior insula (AI) (4-6), and together they have been termed the salience network (SN) (4). In many situations, activity within this network appears to signal the need for behavioral change (7-9), and one proposal is that the SN may operate to dynamically control changes of activity in other networks (6).The role of the SN in mediating the function of other networks is likely to be most evident when a rapid change in behavior is required. We have previously studied this type of behavior in the context of motor control using the stop-signal task (SST) (10). The SST probes the ability to inhibit an action that has already been initiated. Stop trials require a switch from relatively automatic to highly controlled behavior. Parts of the right inferior frontal cortex, including the right AI (rAI), are important for the attentional processes involved in responding to an unexp...

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“…Poor inhibitory response control in abstinent smokers has also been inferred by others based on evidence of: increased errors of commission on vigilance tasks (Hatsukami et al 1989;Zack et al 2001); less efficient inhibition of eye movements towards task irrelevant stimuli (Rycroft et al 2005); and decreased inhibition of irrelevant material on a retrieval induced forgetting task (Edginton & Rusted, 2003). Using continuous performance and go/no-go tasks, Bekker et al (2005), by contrast, recently reported only minimal enhancing effects of nicotine on response inhibition in abstinent smokers. Elsewhere, others have demonstrated that current smokers are also more likely than non-smokers to favour small but immediate monetary rewards over larger but delayed rewards, a pattern of responding often characterised as 'impulsive' (Bickel et al 1999;Mitchell 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…For example, whilst Al-Adawi and Powell (1997) found poorer verbal fluency (tapping volitional response generation) and reduced reversed digit span (tapping working memory) in abstinent compared with satiated smokers, these findings were not replicated in a subsequent study (Powell et al 2002). Several researchers (e.g., Bekker et al, 2005;Harte and Kanarek, 2004;Sacco et al, 2005) have reported reduced accuracy on the continuous performance task, which involves working memory and attention, during abstinence; however, although Mendrek et al (2006) found that relative to non-smokers abstinent smokers were impaired in working memory assessed by the n-back task, their deficits were not reversed by smoking a single cigarette. There are also other apparently contradictory reports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A double-blind placebo-controlled experimental study of nicotine: II—Effects on response inhibition and executive functioning

et al. 2007

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Acute effects of nicotine on attention and response inhibition

Cited by 68 publications

References 72 publications

Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray

Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray

Salience network integrity predicts default mode network function after traumatic brain injury

A double-blind placebo-controlled experimental study of nicotine: II—Effects on response inhibition and executive functioning

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