Abstract:Two coffees with different CGA contents did not differentially affect glucose or insulin responses during an OGTT, but both increased the insulin response compared with water.
“…There were no studies focused on platelet aggregation or exercise capacity. For acute glucose metabolism, 16 studies reported a measure of postprandial glucose, 13 of which calculated an incremental area under the curve (IAUC) [29,30,31,34,35,36,38,40,41,42,43,44,45], while three of them evaluated the effect at various postprandial time points [37,39,46]. Of the 13 reporting an IAUC, only two reported a significant reduction in IAUC for glucose after a HCA-rich intervention compared to a control [36,44], whereas one study demonstrated an increase [43].…”
Plant-based diets rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols have been shown to positively modulate the risk of cardiometabolic (CM) diseases. The inter-individual variability in the response to these bioactives may affect the findings. This systematic review aimed to summarize findings from existing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) on markers of CM health in humans. Literature searches were performed in PubMed and the Web of Science. RCTs on acute and chronic supplementation of HCA-rich foods/extracts on CM biomarkers were included. Forty-four RCTs (21 acute and 23 chronic) met inclusion criteria. Comparisons were made between RCTs, including assessments based on population health status. Of the 44 RCTs, only seven performed analyses on a factor exploring inter-individual response to HCA consumption. Results demonstrated that health status is a potentially important effect modifier as RCTs with higher baseline cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemia demonstrated greater overall effectiveness, which was also found in studies where specific subgroup analyses were performed. Thus, the effect of HCAs on CM risk factors may be greater in individuals at higher CM risk, although future studies in these populations are needed, including those on other potential determinants of inter-individual variability. PROSPERO, registration number CRD42016050790.
“…There were no studies focused on platelet aggregation or exercise capacity. For acute glucose metabolism, 16 studies reported a measure of postprandial glucose, 13 of which calculated an incremental area under the curve (IAUC) [29,30,31,34,35,36,38,40,41,42,43,44,45], while three of them evaluated the effect at various postprandial time points [37,39,46]. Of the 13 reporting an IAUC, only two reported a significant reduction in IAUC for glucose after a HCA-rich intervention compared to a control [36,44], whereas one study demonstrated an increase [43].…”
Plant-based diets rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols have been shown to positively modulate the risk of cardiometabolic (CM) diseases. The inter-individual variability in the response to these bioactives may affect the findings. This systematic review aimed to summarize findings from existing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) on markers of CM health in humans. Literature searches were performed in PubMed and the Web of Science. RCTs on acute and chronic supplementation of HCA-rich foods/extracts on CM biomarkers were included. Forty-four RCTs (21 acute and 23 chronic) met inclusion criteria. Comparisons were made between RCTs, including assessments based on population health status. Of the 44 RCTs, only seven performed analyses on a factor exploring inter-individual response to HCA consumption. Results demonstrated that health status is a potentially important effect modifier as RCTs with higher baseline cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemia demonstrated greater overall effectiveness, which was also found in studies where specific subgroup analyses were performed. Thus, the effect of HCAs on CM risk factors may be greater in individuals at higher CM risk, although future studies in these populations are needed, including those on other potential determinants of inter-individual variability. PROSPERO, registration number CRD42016050790.
“…It still is not clear whether this reflects a causal relationship since controlled short-term trials only reported small changes in insulin and glucose responses to a glucose load after coffee consumption, varying from some improvement to modest impairment [70–73]. However, other inflammatory risk markers of T2D may be modified [74, 75].…”
Section: Overview Of Environmental and Lifestyle Factors Increasing Tmentioning
Background: Environmental and lifestyle changes, in addition to the ageing of populations, are generally believed to account for the rapid global increase in type 2 diabetes prevalence and incidence in recent decades. Discussion: In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of factors contributing to diabetes risk, including aspects of diet quality and quantity, little physical activity, increased monitor viewing time or sitting in general, exposure to noise or fine dust, short or disturbed sleep, smoking, stress and depression, and a low socioeconomic status. In general, these factors promote an increase in body mass index. Since loss of β-cell function is the ultimate cause of developing overt type 2 diabetes, environmental and lifestyle changes must have resulted in a higher risk of β-cell damage in those at genetic risk. Multiple mechanistic pathways may come into play. Conclusions: Strategies of diabetes prevention should aim at promoting a 'diabetes-protective lifestyle' whilst simultaneously enhancing the resistance of the human organism to pro-diabetic environmental and lifestyle factors. More research on diabetes-protective mechanisms seems warranted.
“…No additional articles were identified by other types of search. After removing the ‘not suitable’ (n = 700), duplicates (n = 10), and those references that did not match the aims (n = 6), we ended up with 24trials 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38. After Jadad evaluation, 8 trials15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 35, 36, 37, 38 , 35, 36, 37, 38 were included in the analysis.Fig.…”
Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse association of coffee consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, studies to determine the clinical effects of coffee consumption on the glucose metabolism biomarkers remain uncertain. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of coffee consumption on glucose metabolism. A search of electronic databases
(
PubMed and Web of Science) was performed identifying studies published until September 2017. Eight clinical trials (n = 247 subjects) were identified for analyses. Participants and studies characteristics, main findings, and study quality (Jadad Score) were reported. Short-term (1–3 h) and long-term (2–16 weeks) studies were summarized separately. Short-term studies showed that consumption of caffeinated coffee may increase the area under the curve for glucose response, while for long-term studies, caffeinated coffee may improve the glycaemic metabolism by reducing the glucose curve and increasing the insulin response. The findings suggest that consumption of caffeinated coffee may lead to unfavourable acute effects; however, an improvement on glucose metabolism was found on long-term follow-up.
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