Acute effects of grayanotoxin in rhododendron honey on kidney functions in rats

Silici, Sibel; Doğan, Zümrüt; Şahin, Halil İbrahim; Atayoğlu, Ali Timuçin; Yakan, Birkan

doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5534-z

Cited by 12 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…5 These toxic components block voltage-gated sodium channels. 3,7 –9 By means of this action mechanism, the toxins exhibit a great many effects on the cardiovascular, 8 –14 respiratory, 1,13,15,16 renal, 17,18 liver, 17,19,20 and autonomic/central nervous systems. 16,21,22 Symptoms of GTX/mad honey intoxication are hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, sweating, dizziness, impaired consciousness, fainting, blurred vision, and salivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28,33,34,40 One of the most important toxic effect mechanisms of toxic components or disease is the high level of free radical generation potentials. 18,19,26,29,33,41,42 Frequently used methods to assess possible oxidative stress potential of these free radicals include measuring blood and tissue MDA, NO, and HNE levels. 25,27,31,33 –35 On the other hand, one of the preferred methods for demonstrating any changes in the antioxidant mechanism is the evaluation of antioxidant enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect on oxidative stress, hepatic chemical metabolizing parameters, and genotoxic damage of mad honey intake in rats

et al. 2017

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A total of 66 male Wistar rats were used and six groups (control: 10 animals and experimental: 12 animals) were formed. While a separate control group was established for each study period, mad honey application to the animals in the experimental group was carried out with a single dose (12.5 g kg body weight (b.w.); acute stage), at a dose of 7.5 g kg b.w. for 21 days (subacute stage), and at a dose of 5 g kg b.w. for 60 days (chronic stage). Tissue and blood oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), hepatic chemical metabolizing parameters in the liver (cytochrome P450 2E1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-cytochrome b5 reductase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome c reductase (CYTC), GSH S-transferase (GST), and GSH), and micronucleus and comet test in some samples were examined. Findings from the study showed that single and repeated doses given over the period increased MDA, NO, and HNE levels while decreasing/increasing tissue and blood antioxidant enzyme activities. From hepatic chemical metabolizing parameters, GST activity increased in the subacute and chronic stages and CYTC activity increased in the acute period, whereas GSH level decreased in the subacute stage. Changes in tail and head intensities were found in most of the comet results. Mad honey caused oxidative stresses for each exposure period and made some significant changes on the comet test in certain periods for some samples obtained. In other words, according to the available research results obtained, careless consumption of mad honey for different medical purposes is not appropriate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on oxidative stress, hepatic chemical metabolizing parameters, and genotoxic damage of mad honey intake in rats

et al. 2017

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“…7(1) EFSA: see comment 8(3) in relation to possible release from the baits when exposed to rain and comment 3(14) in relation to indirect poisoning of predators of the poisoned mice (when they leave the bait). 7(1) EFSA: see comment 8(3) in relation to possible release from the baits when exposed to rain and comment 3(14) in relation to indirect poisoning of predators of the poisoned mice (when they leave the bait).…”

Section: Addressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of the consultation with Member States and EFSA on the basic substance application for honey from rhododendron for use in plant protection as rodenticide

2017

EFSA Supporting Publications

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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission to provide scientific assistance with respect to the evaluation of applications received by the European Commission concerning basic substances. In this context, EFSA's scientific views on the specific points raised during the commenting phase conducted with Member States and EFSA on the basic substance application for honey from rhododendron are presented. The context of the evaluation was that required by the European Commission in accordance with Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 following the submission of an application for approval of honey from rhododendron as a basic substance for use in plant protection as rodenticide. The current report summarises the outcome of the consultation process organised by EFSA and presents EFSA's scientific views on the individual comments received. © European Food Safety Authority, 2017Keywords: honey from rhododendron, basic substance, application, consultation, plant protection, pesticide In March 2013, the European Commission requested the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to provide scientific assistance with respect to the evaluation of applications received by the European Commission concerning basic substances. By a further specific request, received from the European Commission in September 2016, EFSA was asked to organise a consultation on the basic substance application for honey from rhododendron, to consult the applicant on the comments received, and to deliver its scientific views on the specific points raised in the format of a reporting table within three months of acceptance of the specific request. Requestor: European CommissionA consultation on the basic substance application for honey from rhododendron, organised by EFSA, was conducted with Member States via a written procedure in June-August 2016. Subsequently, EFSA also provided comments and the applicant was invited to address all the comments received in the format of a reporting table and to provide an application update as appropriate, within a period of 30 days.The current report summarises the outcome of the consultation process organised by EFSA on the basic substance application for honey from rhododendron and presents EFSA's scientific views on the individual comments received in the format of a reporting table.It is acknowledged that the issue whether honey from rhododendron fulfils the criteria laid down in Article 23 (1a) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 has been raised by some Member States during the commenting phase. EFSA considers this issue a risk management matter and does not provide an opinion in relation to that.Proper batch analysis would be needed to determine the levels of grayanotoxins and other potential active or toxic substances, including relevant impurities in the honey from rhododendron intended to be used as pesticide. This would also allow demonstrating consistent composition and efficacy of the proposed product. Furthermore, specifications for content of grayanotoxins and ...

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“…Yine başka çalışmalarda, oral yolla gavaj şeklinde ya da i.p. olarak verilen grayanotoksin-III, kanda bazı biyokimyasal parametreleri belirgin şekilde artırmış ancak renal fonksiyonlarda bir bozulmaya neden olmamıştır (23)(24)(25)(26)(27) . Yakın zaman önce Türkmen ve ark.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Az sayıda deneysel çalışmada bal ekstraktı halinde hayvanlara oral, i.p. ve intraserebroventriküler gibi farklı yollarla uygulanmıştır (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) . Çalışmamızda, deli bal içerisinde en fazla bulunan ve oldukça toksik olduğu bilinen grayanotoksin-III, daha önceki çalışmalardan farklı olarak i.v.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The dose-dependent cardiovascular eﬀects of intravenous grayanotoxin-III in rats

Yılmaz¹,

Kaya²,

Yaykaşlı³

et al. 2017

BUCH

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ÖZAmaç: Deli bal zehirlenmelerin büyük bir kısmı ülkemizde görülmektedir. Deli bal içinde bulunan toksinlerin temel kaynağı Rhododendron türü bitkiler olup, bu bitkilerdeki toksinlerden en fazla grayanotoksin-III bulunur. Deli bal zehirlenmelerinde klinikte bradikardi, atriyoventriküler blok, asistoli, hipotansiyon, salivasyon gibi semptomlar görülür. Bu çalışmada, sıçanlara farklı dozlarda intravenöz (i.v.) yolla verilen grayanotoksin-III'ün doza bağımlı kardiyovasküler etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada, 42 Wistar albino sıçan kullanılmış ve hayvanlar Kontrol, Grup 1 (5 µg/kg), Grup 2 (10 µg/kg), Grup 3 (20 µg/kg), Grup 4 (50 µg/kg) ve Grup 5 (100 µg/kg) olmak üzere altı gruba ayrılmıştır. Elektrokardiyogram (EKG), tansiyon arteriyel ve solunum sayısı için bazal değerler elde edildikten sonra i.v. grayanotoksin uygulanmasının ardından 60 dk. boyunca bu parametreler kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: 5 µg/kg grayanotoksin-III verilen grupta, tüm zamanlarda anlamlı bir deği-şiklik olmazken, 10 ve 20 µg/kg toksin verilen gruplarda 2. ve 5. dk.'dan sonra anlamlı biçimde solunum sayıları ve kalp tepe atım sayıları azalmış, arteryel basınçlarda düşme görülmüştür. Yirmi beşinci dk.'dan sonra ise tüm parametreler bazal değerlere yeniden geri dönmüştür. Elli ve 100 µg/kg grayanotoksin-III verilen gruplarda, 2. dk.'dan itibaren tüm parametrelerde hızla düşme olmuş ve 5-10 dk. içinde sıçanlar ölmüştür. Sonuç: Sıçanlar için i.v. grayanotoksin-III'ün 50 µg/kg ve üzerindeki yüksek dozlarda lethal olabildiği, ölümün kardiyak arrest nedeniyle görüldüğü, 5 µg/kg ve altındaki düşük dozlarda toksik etkilerin görülmediği, i.v. uygulamada toksik etkilerin yaklaşık olarak 25 dk. sürdüğü saptanmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Grayanotoksin-III, deli bal, kardivasküler etkiler ABSTRACTObjective: The mad honey poisonings are commonly seen in our country. The source of the toxin in mad honey is plants of Rhododendron species. Grayanotoxin-III type toxin is commonly found in these plants. Clinical effects of this toxin are bradycardia, atrioventricular block, asystole, hypotension and symptoms such as salivation. In this study; different doses of grayanotoxin-III were intravenously administered to rats (i.v) and the effect of grayanotoxin on cardiovascular system was evaluated. Methods: This study was performed on 42 Wistar albino rats and the animals were divided into six groups. Control, Group 1 (5 µg/kg), Group 2 (10 µg/kg), Group 3 (20 µg/kg), Group 4 (50 µg/kg) and Group 5 (100 µg/kg) groups were formed. Baseline values for electrocardiography (ECG), arterial blood pressure and respiratory rate were obtained and recorded for 60 minutes after administration of i.v. grayanotoxin-III. Results: Group1 (5 µg/kg) was not significantly changed in all time periods. In 10 and 20 µg/kg groups, respiratory rates, peak heart rates decreased significantly and drop in arterial blood pressures was observed after 2 nd and 5 th minutes. While 25 minutes after administration of i.v. grayanotoxin-III all parameters returned to baseline v...

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Acute effects of grayanotoxin in rhododendron honey on kidney functions in rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Effect on oxidative stress, hepatic chemical metabolizing parameters, and genotoxic damage of mad honey intake in rats

Effect on oxidative stress, hepatic chemical metabolizing parameters, and genotoxic damage of mad honey intake in rats

Outcome of the consultation with Member States and EFSA on the basic substance application for honey from rhododendron for use in plant protection as rodenticide

The dose-dependent cardiovascular eﬀects of intravenous grayanotoxin-III in rats

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