Acute effects of exercise on energy intake and feeding behaviour

Abstract

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the short-term effects of exercise of different intensities on energy intake. Eleven young men were submitted to three randomly assigned sessions (one control and two exercise sessions) in which they ate, ad libitum, foods from a buffet-type meal.The energy cost of exercise was the same in the two exercise sessions. Results showed that there was no significant change in post-exercise subjective levels of hunger and fullness as well as total energy and macronutrient intakes in comparison with the control session. However, when energy intake relative to expenditure was considered by subtracting the surplus of energy expended during exercise from total energy intake, high-intensity exercise exerted a greater reducing effect on this variable compared with the control and low-intensity exercise sessions. These d t s suggest that for a given level of energy expenditure, high-intensity exercise favours negative energy balance to a greater extent than low-intensity exercise. Appetite: Energy expenditure: Physical activity: HungerThe ability of exercise to induce a negative energy balance depends on its impact on energy expenditure and is also related to variations in post-exercise energy intake. Indeed, a highfat diet has been shown to induce a considerable increase in post-exercise energy intake (Tremblay et al. 1994a;King & Blundell, 1995). This effect of diet composition on energy intake also emphasizes the importance of taking into account the potential effect of exercise on food preferences and relative macronutrient intake. In several studies, exercise has been shown to induce a substantial increase in carbohydrate intake (Thompson et al. 1988; Verger et al. 1992) whereas an increase in post-exercise protein intake was found in another study (Verger et al. 1994). However, other investigators did not find a significant effect of exercise on macronutrient intake (King et al. 1994).Experimental evidence suggests that post-exercise energy intake is also influenced by the composition of the substrate mix oxidized during exercise. Indeed, Alm6ras et al.(1 995) observed that high-fat oxidizers during exercise displayed a lower post-exercise energy intake adjusted for the energy cost of exercise compared with individuals expending less energy as fat during exercise. This observation is concordant with our previous finding that exercise may attenuate the impact of a high-fat diet on energy intake depending on its enhancing effect on fat oxidation (Tremblay et al. 1989).Other studies have also investigated the effects of exercise on energy intake and feeding behaviour. In human subjects, most of the reported studies have shown that exercise does not significantly modify appetite or the subjective feelings of hunger and fullness (Reger et al. 1986;Reger & Allison, 1987;Thompson et al. 1988;Kissileff et al. 1990). On the other hand, Kissileff et al. (1990) found that energy intake was lower only after strenuous exercise in lean female subjects. King et al. (1994) have...

Influence of resistance and aerobic exercise on hunger, circulating levels of acylated ghrelin, and peptide YY in healthy males

“…It is perhaps surprising that acylated ghrelin concentrations were not elevated toward the end of the exercise trials, since energy intake was not increased in these trials to compensate for the energy expended during exercise. These data are consistent with the recent finding that postexercise ghrelin responses may be independent of energy balance (22) and lend support to previous research that indicated acute exercise does not increase energy intake in the short term, i.e., 1 to 2 days after exercise (6,7,24,28,29). It would be of interest to examine acylated ghrelin concentrations the day after exercise to assess whether values are elevated in response to a shortterm negative energy balance.…”

“…Exercise is an effective method of increasing energy expenditure (2), and it may, paradoxically, lead to a short-term hunger suppression (6,7,24,28,29). This relationship between exercise and hunger has led investigators to study the role of gut hormones in mediating exerciseinduced hunger changes.…”

Appetite, gut hormone and energy intake responses to low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance exercise

“…Thompson and colleagues (1988) demonstrated greater appetite suppression during exercise as intensity increased but no difference in energy intake after exercise, whereas Imbeault et al (1997) found no differences in appetite but decreased energy intake as exercise intensity increased. Alternatively, Ueda and colleagues (2009) found no difference in the appetite or energy intake responses to different intensity exercise bouts.…”

Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences?

“…Emerging data has shown that exercise has a strong impact on ad libitum energy intake [63][64][65][66][67][68]. For example, King et al showed that 60 minutes of swimming suppressed relative energy intake (energy intake minus energy cost of exercise), compared to a resting condition, in trained men [65].…”