Acute effects of caffeine-containing energy drinks on physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Souza, Diego Brito de; Coso, Juan Del; Casonatto, Juliano; Polito, Marcos Doederlein

doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1331-9

Cited by 120 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The current meta-analysis was based on studies providing isolated doses of taurine and not those co-ingesting with other supplements. Interestingly, our analysis confirms the suggestions of a previous meta-analysis [8], where taurine was assumed to explain the ergogenic effects of energy drinks. Only one study from the current analysis was shared between the two meta-analyses, owing to the number of experimental groups included by Kammerer et al [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The lack of historical interest in isolated taurine supplementation and human performance is somewhat surprising, given its inclusion in popular energy drinks, and its purported contribution to their ergogenic effects. Indeed, a recent meta-analysis demonstrated that the dosage of taurine, as opposed to caffeine, when co-ingested in energy drinks explained their effects on different types of exercise performance [8]. However, the authors did not include investigations using isolated taurine supplementation, focussing on co-ingested energy drinks alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis

Waldron

Patterson²,

Tallent³

et al. 2018

Sports Med

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis

Waldron

Patterson²,

Tallent³

et al. 2018

Sports Med

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“…Numerous narrative reviews on caffeine's effects on endurance performance have been published [3,4,[8][9][10][11][12], however, the available meta-analyses' are either old or do not accurately assess the effects of caffeine on endurance performance [1,5,13,14]. A meta-analysis by Doherty and Smith [5] was published in 2004, the same year that caffeine was removed from the WADA banned list and a large number of studies have since investigated the effects of caffeine as an ergogenic aid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the authors only included studies which had closed-end performance tests which lasted 45 s-8 min. The meta-analysis by Souza et al [13] only included studies that used energy drinks, many of which contain other potentially ergogenic substances such as taurine which might influence the outcome. This means that the effects of caffeine could not be isolated and the effect of the energy drinks on performance could not be directly attributed to caffeine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction to: The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018

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Introduction Caffeine is a widely used ergogenic aid with most research suggesting it confers the greatest effects during endurance activities. Despite the growing body of literature around the use of caffeine as an ergogenic aid, there are few recent meta-analyses which quantitatively assess the effect of caffeine on endurance exercise. Objectives To summarise studies which have investigated the ergogenic effects of caffeine on endurance time-trial performance and to quantitatively analyse the results of these studies to gain a better understanding of the magnitude of caffeine's ergogenic effect on endurance time-trial performance. Methods A systematic review was carried out on randomised placebo-controlled studies investigating the effects of caffeine on endurance performance and a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the ergogenic effect of caffeine on endurance time-trial performance. Results 44 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Caffeine has a small but evident effect on endurance performance when taken in moderate doses (3-6 mg·kg −1 ) as well as an overall improvement following caffeine compared to placebo in mean power output (2.92 ± 2.18%; Effect Size = 0.22 ± 0.15) and time-trial completion time (2.26 ± 2.60%; Effect Size = 0.28 ± 0.12). However, differences in responses to caffeine ingestion have been shown, with two studies reporting slower time-trial performance while five studies reported lower mean power output during the timetrial. Caffeine can be used effectively as an ergogenic aid when taken in moderate doses, such as during sports when a small increase in endurance performance can lead to significant differences in placements as athletes are often separated by small margins.

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“…Systematic reviews and analyses, which synthesize the outputs of many studies into a pooled estimate of outcome are at the top of the evidence hierarchy. Indeed, such information is available on products such as caffeine (Burke, 2008;Conger et al, 2011;Glaister & Gissaine, 2017), including its specific delivery in energy drinks (Souza et al, 2017), bicarbonate (Carr et al, 2011b), creatine (Branch, 2003;Mujika & Padilla, 1997), b-alanine (Hobson et al, 2012;Saunders et al, 2016), nitrate/beetroot juice (Hoon et al, 2013;McMahon et al, 2017), antioxidant supplements (Braakhuis & Hopkins, 2015), N-acetylcysteine (Rhodes & Braakhuis, 2017), and polyphenols (Somerville et al, 2017). Other meta-analyses target specific uses of sports products, such as, in the case of sports drinks and gels, carbohydrate intake during endurance sport (Stellingwerff & Cox, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for Investigating Performance Changes With Supplement Use

Burke

Peeling

2018

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolis

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Many expert sporting bodies now support a pragmatic acceptance of the use of performance supplements which have passed a risk:benefit analysis of being safe, effective, and permitted for use, while also being appropriate to the athlete's age and maturation in their sport. However, gaining evidence of the performance benefits of these supplements is a process challenged by the scarcity of research in relation to the number of available products, and the limitations of the poor quality of some studies. While meta-analyses and systematic reviews can help to provide information about the general use of performance supplements, the controlled scientific trial provides the basis on which these reviews are undertaken, as well as an opportunity to address more specific questions about supplement applications. Guidelines for the design of studies include the choice of well-trained athletes who are familiarized with performance tasks that have been chosen on their basis of their known reliability and validity. Supplement protocols should be chosen to maximize the likely benefits, and researchers should also make efforts to control confounding variables, while keeping conditions similar to real-life practices. Performance changes should be interpreted in light of what is meaningful to the outcomes of sporting competition. Issues that have been poorly addressed to date include the use of several supplements in combination and the use of the same supplement over successive events, both within a single, and across multiple competition days. Strategies to isolate and explain the variability of benefits to individuals are also a topic for future investigation.

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Acute effects of caffeine-containing energy drinks on physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: ED ingestion improved performance in muscle strength and endurance, endurance exercise tests, jumping and sport-specific actions. However, the improvement in performance was associated with taurine dosage.

Cited by 120 publications

References 48 publications

The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis

The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis

Correction to: The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Methodologies for Investigating Performance Changes With Supplement Use

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