The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis

Waldron, Mark; Patterson, Stephen D.; Tallent, Jamie; Jeffries, Owen

doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0896-2

Cited by 58 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These beneficial effects of oral taurine are summarized in Table 2. Waldron et al (2018) conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of oral ingestion of taurine at various doses on endurance performance in adult humans who consumed 1-6 g taurine/day in single doses for up to 2 weeks. The authors found that the ingestion of taurine improved overall endurance performance in the subjects.…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Taurine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health

2020

Amino Acids

298

192

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Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-l-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosine; β-alanyl-1-methyl-l-histidine) also originated with cattle. These five nutrients are highly abundant in beef, and have important physiological roles in anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory reactions, as well as neurological, muscular, retinal, immunological and cardiovascular function. Of particular note, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and creatine are absent from plants, and hydroxyproline is negligible in many plant-source foods. Consumption of 30 g dry beef can fully meet daily physiological needs of the healthy 70-kg adult human for taurine and carnosine, and can also provide large amounts of creatine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline to improve human nutrition and health, including metabolic, retinal, immunological, muscular, cartilage, neurological, and cardiovascular health. The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef). Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline are beneficial for preventing and treating obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, and ageing-related disorders, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis, improving skin and bone health, ameliorating neurological abnormalities, and promoting well being in infants, children and adults. Furthermore, these nutrients may promote the immunological defense of humans against infections by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses (including coronavirus) through enhancing the metabolism and functions of monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system. Red meat (including beef) is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development and health.

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Section: Health Benefits Of Taurine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health

2020

Amino Acids

298

192

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“…Interestingly, neither the supplementation period nor the taurine dose determined these outcomes. The authors conclude that an improvement of the endurance performance already occurs with a single dose of 1 to 6 g taurine . However, a closer look to the study subjects indicates a significant performance increase only when nontrained/recreationally trained or heart failure patients were recruited.…”

Section: Biological Functions Of Taurinementioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine: A Regulator of Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Skeletal Muscle Function

Seidel

Huebbe

Rimbach

2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

112

118

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Taurine is a nonproteinogenic ß-aminosulfonic acid. Important dietary sources of taurine are fish and seafood. Taurine interacts with ion channels, stabilizes membranes, and regulates the cell volume. These actions confirm its high concentrations in excitable tissues like retina, neurons, and muscles. Retinal degeneration, cardiomyopathy, as well as skeletal muscle malfunction are evident in taurine-deficient phenotypes. There is evidence that taurine counteracts lipid peroxidation and increases cellular antioxidant defense in response to inflammation. In activated neutrophils, taurine reacts with hypochloric acid to form taurine chloramine, which triggers the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor E2-related factor 1 (Keap1-Nrf2) pathway. Consequently, Nrf2 target genes, such as heme oxygenase-1 and catalase, are induced. Furthermore, taurine may prevent an overload of reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly by an inhibition of ROS generation within the respiratory chain. Taurine affects mitochondrial bioenergetics and taurine-deficient mice exhibit an impaired exercise performance. Moreover, some studies demonstrate that taurine enhances the glycogen repletion in the postexercise recovery phase. In the case of taurine deficiency, many studies observed a phenotype known in muscle senescence and skeletal muscle disorders. Overall, taurine plays an important role in cellular redox homeostasis and skeletal muscle function.

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“…A priori sample sizes were calculated using G*Power (Version 3.0.10). Given the typical changes (Cohen's d = 0.4; Waldron et al 2018a) reported in endurance exercise after supplementation with taurine, a sample size of 12 was sufficient to identify differences between groups with a statistical power of 0.90. The participants were asked to arrive at the laboratory having not completed any exercise in the 48 h before testing, having abstained from alcohol and caffeine consumption in the 24 h prior.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reported with the above-mentioned acute dietary supplements, taurine supplementation could theoretically alter components of the power-time relationship. For example, aerobically biased (endurance) exercise has typically been improved following taurine supplementation (see Waldron et al 2018a;Souza et al 2017 for reviews) and effects on skeletal muscle function have been reported (Dutka et al 2014;Lim et al 2018), which might collectively explain the improved exercise efficiency following oral administration (Paulucio et al 2017). These mechanistic actions relate to the factors ascribed to govern the balance of CP and W′, which include a loss of muscle efficiency, characterised by distinct metabolic (Jones et al 2008;Vanhatalo et al 2016) and neuromuscular (Burnley et al 2012) profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral taurine improves critical power and severe-intensity exercise tolerance

Waldron

Patterson²,

Jeffries

2019

Amino Acids

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This study investigated the effects of acute oral taurine ingestion on: (1) the power-time relationship using the 3-min all-out test (3MAOT); (2) time to exhaustion (TTE) 5% > critical power (CP) and (3) the estimated time to complete (T lim ) a range of fixed target intensities. Twelve males completed a baseline 3MAOT test on a cycle ergometer. Following this, a doubleblind, randomised cross-over design was followed, where participants were allocated to one of four conditions, separated by 72 h: TTE + taurine; TTE + placebo; 3MAOT + taurine; 3MAOT + placebo. Taurine was provided at 50 mg kg −1 , whilst the placebo was 3 mg kg −1 maltodextrin. CP was higher (P < 0.05) in taurine (212 ± 36 W) than baseline (197 ± 40 W) and placebo (193 ± 35 W). Work end power was not affected by supplement (P > 0.05), yet TTE 5% > CP increased (P < 0.05) by 1.7 min after taurine (17.7 min) compared to placebo (16.0 min) and there were higher (P < 0.001) estimated T lim across all work targets. Acute supplementation of 50 mg kg −1 of taurine improved CP and estimated performance at a range of severe work intensities. Oral taurine can be taken prior to exercise to enhance endurance performance.

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The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract: Human endurance performance can be improved by orally ingesting a single dose of taurine in varying amounts (1-6 g).

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health

Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health

Taurine: A Regulator of Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Skeletal Muscle Function

Oral taurine improves critical power and severe-intensity exercise tolerance

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