Acute effects of alcohol ingestion on blood pressure and erythrocyte sodium concentration

Kojima, Sunao; Kawano, Yuhei; Abe, Hitoshi; Sanai, Toru; Yoshida, Kaoru; Imanishi, Masahito; Ashida, Takashi; Kimura, Genjiro; Yoshimi, Hiroki; Matsuoka, Hiroaki; Omae, Teruo

doi:10.1097/00004872-199302000-00011

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…7 We also observed that the intracellular sodium concentration in red blood cells decreases after alcohol ingestion. 33 This change may also act to dilate blood vessels through a decrease in the intracellular calcium concentration. 90 70 80 17 19 21 23 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 Time of Day Alcohol 120 100 80 60 40 20 17 19 21 23 1 3 5 7 9 11 Time of Day * * * * Heart rate (beats/min) Figure 1 Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate during the alcohol intake day ( ) and the control day (J).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Actions Of Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physio-pathological effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system: its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Kawano

2010

Hypertens Res

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Alcohol has complex effects on the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this article is to review physio-pathological effects of alcohol on cardiovascular and related systems and to describe its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The relationship between alcohol and hypertension is well known, and a reduction in the alcohol intake is widely recommended in the management of hypertension. Moreover, alcohol has both pressor and depressor actions. The latter actions are clear in Oriental subjects, especially in those who show alcohol flush because of the genetic variation in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Repeated alcohol intake in the evening causes an elevation in daytime and a reduction in nighttime blood pressure (BP), with little change in the average 24-h BP in Japanese men. Thus, the hypertensive effect of alcohol seems to be overestimated by the measurement of casual BP during the day. Heavy alcohol intake seems to increase the risk of several cardiovascular diseases, such as hemorrhagic stroke, arrhythmia and heart failure. On the other hand, alcohol may act to prevent atherosclerosis and to decrease the risk of ischemic heart disease, mainly by increasing HDL cholesterol and inhibiting thrombus formation. A J-or U-shaped relationship has been observed between the level of alcohol intake and risk of cardiovascular mortality and total mortality. It is reasonable to reduce the alcohol intake to less than 30 ml per day for men and 15 ml per day for women in the management of hypertension. As a small amount of alcohol seems to be beneficial, abstinence from alcohol is not recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease. INTRODUCTIONAlcohol has complex effects on the cardiovascular system. The relationship between alcohol and hypertension is well known, and a restriction of alcohol intake is widely recommended as a part of lifestyle modifications in the management of hypertension. 1-6 Alcohol has both pressor and depressor actions, however, and the genetic susceptibility regarding alcohol metabolism influences the cardiovascular effect of alcohol. 3,7 The effect of alcohol on blood pressure (BP) is also modified by several factors, such as the level of consumption, time period after the last drink and overall drinking behavior.Alcohol consumption is associated with several cardiovascular diseases, such as brain hemorrhage, heart failure and arrhythmia, as well as with other disorders. 3,[8][9][10][11] Heavy drinking and alcoholism not only lead to medical problems but are also serious social concerns. However, alcohol also seems to have beneficial effects, including the prevention of ischemic heart disease. It has been shown that cardiovascular and all-cause mortality is lower in light drinkers compared with nondrinkers. 3,[8][9][10][11][12] The purpose of this article is to review physio-pathological effects of alcohol on cardiovascular and related systems and to describe its role

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Section: Cardiovascular Actions Of Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physio-pathological effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system: its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Kawano

2010

Hypertens Res

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“…The mechanisms of the alcohol-induced lowering of BP are not well understood, but alcohol and its metabolites have direct vasodilatative effects (18). Our previous study suggested the role of changes in intra-and extracellular electrolytes (30). The mechanisms of alcohol-induced hypertension have also not been fully clarified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Different Effects of Alcohol and Salt on 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Hypertensive Patients.

et al. 1996

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To compare the influences of alcohol and salt intake on 24-h blood pressure (BP), we studied short-term effects of repeated alcohol ingestion and dietary salt intake in hypertensive patients. Thirty-two Japanese men with mild to moderate essential hypertension (54± 1 years old, mean±SE)were examined. Sixteen patients were given alcohol (1 ml/kg) with dinner for 7 d after a 7-d control period with an isocaloric beverage. Another group consisting of 16 age-and weight-matched patients consumed a low-sodium diet (25 mmol/d) for 7 d, followed by a high-sodium diet (250 mmol/d) for 7 d. Twenty-four-hour BP was measured at the end of each period. Average 24-h BP in the alcohol period (137±4 l 83±2 mmHg) was similar to that in the control period (138±4184±2 mmHg). However, BP in the alcohol period was significantly lower in the evening, but significantly higher in the morning than that in the control period. Heart rate increased for several hours after alcohol ingestion, resulting in a significant increase in 24-h heart rate (67±2 vs. 64±2 beats/min). Average 24-h BP was higher in the high salt period (144+4 189+ 4 mmHg) than in the low salt period (135±3 / 85±3 mmHg, p<0.05).The pressor effect of high salt intake was sustained throughout the day and was associated with a decrease in 24-h heart rate (60±2 vs. 66 ± 2 beats/min). In conclusion, short-term repeated intake of alcohol may have little effect on average 24-h BP while it causes an evening fall and a morning rise in BP, and high salt intake raises BP throughout the day. Alcohol consumption increases and salt loading decreases 24-h heart rate. (Hypertens Res 1996;19: 255-261) Key Words: hypertension, alcohol, sodium, ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate Both salt and alcohol have been recognized as important environmental factors in the pathogenesis of human hypertension. A number of epidemiological studies have documented a positive relationship between the level of blood pressure (BP) and the amount of dietary salt intake (1-3) or alcohol consumption (4-6). It also has been shown that BP rises after repeated intake of a high salt diet or alcohol, and falls with reductions in their intake (5, 7-10). Restrictions of salt and alcohol , intake are widely recommended in the management of hypertension (11, 12). However, the results of earlier studies were derived from casual BP measurements. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring is accepted as a useful method because it provides multiple BP recordings throughout the whole day, has good reproducibility, and eliminates observer bias (13,14). The pressor effect of high salt intake was seen for 24 h in several studies (15, 16), although its effect may be less than that assessed on the basis of casual BP readings (I7). The measurement of 24-h BP may be particularly important in evaluating BP of drinkers, since people drink alcohol mainly in the evening and at night. Alcohol has both vasoconstrictive and vasodilative actions (18). Our previous studies suggest that the effects of alcohol on BP depends on the duratio...

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“…The community in Vigia, especially the fishermen, spent most of their time at sea, and alcoholism was a frequent association. Although alcoholism was not assessed in the present study, the greater alcohol consumption in the population of Vigia may have contributed to a greater elevation in blood pressure, attenuating the possible benefit of a healthier diet and greater physical activity 27,28 .…”

Section: Lipids (Mg/dl)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk in two Amazonian populations

Feio¹,

Fonseca²,

Rego³

et al. 2003

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in our country and occurs at earlier ages than that observed in the United States of America 1,2 .The initial results of the Framingham Study have associated serum cholesterol level, smoking, and arterial hypertension with ischemic heart disease 3 . More recently, the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP III, USA) 4 published the recommendations for estimating absolute coronary risk, considering the total cholesterol level, age, HDL-C level, values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and smoking habit, with different scores for men and women.In the past decade, several studies suggested that a more active lifestyle and higher consumption of fish could be beneficial, because they resulted in a lower incidence of cardiovascular events, a better lipid profile, and a reduction in blood pressure and in thrombotic risk [5][6][7][8] .Among the Eskimos in Greenland and the Japanese of Kohama Island, lower levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides and an extremely low incidence of coronary heart disease were observed as compared with those in the populations living on the continent 9-11 .In Brazil, epidemiological data of the Ministry of Health for the City of Belém, in the State of Pará 12 , showed that mortality due to cardiovascular disease was the major cause of death in that city despite the proximity to rivers and forests, and the high consumption of fish and typical fruits in that region.This study aimed at comparing the cardiovascular risk of the urban population of Belém in the State of Pará with that of an Amazonian riverside population (village of Vigia) living mainly on fish and with very scarce contact with large urban centers. MethodsThe study sample comprised 100 individuals of both sexes with no personal antecedents of heart disease or diabetes, whose ages ranged from 35 to 65 years, 50 in each municipality. They signed a written consent required by the Objective -To compare the lipid profiles and coronary heart disease risks of 2 Brazilian Amazonian populations as follows: a riverside population (village of Vigia) and an urban population (city of Belém in the state of Pará).Methods -Fifty individuals controlled for age and sex were assessed in each region, and the major risk factors for coronary heart disease were analyzed. Results -According to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP III) and using the

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Acute effects of alcohol ingestion on blood pressure and erythrocyte sodium concentration

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Physio-pathological effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system: its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Physio-pathological effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system: its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Different Effects of Alcohol and Salt on 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Hypertensive Patients.

Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk in two Amazonian populations

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