Physio-pathological effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system: its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Kawano, Yuhei

doi:10.1038/hr.2009.226

Cited by 71 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…However, we found no effect on HDL cholesterol or insulin levels, which could have been anticipated based on earlier studies of this kind (38). The exact reasons for this are unclear but could relate to season variation since all participants were part of the study during the period of early fall to winter, or be caused by the fact that baseline levels of these variables, also including blood pressure, were favorable in most participants.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Effects of moderate red wine consumption on liver fat and blood lipids: a prospective randomized study

Kechagias¹,

Zanjani²,

Gjellan³

et al. 2011

Annals of Medicine

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Methods: Thirty-two healthy women and 12 healthy men (34±9 years of age) were randomized to consume 150 ml of red wine/day for women (16g ethanol/d) or the double amount for men (33g ethanol/d), or to alcohol abstention during 90 days.Participants underwent proton-nuclear magnetic-resonance spectroscopy for measurement of hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC). Blood samples for assessment of cardiovascular risk were drawn before and after the intervention.Results: After exclusion of three subjects with steatosis at baseline a trend towards increased HTGC was apparent by red wine (before median: 1.1%, range 0.2-3.9%, after median: 1.1%, range 0.5-5.2 %, p=0.059) a difference that was statistically significant compared with abstainers (p=0.02). However, no subject developed hepatic steatosis.LDL-cholesterol was lowered by red wine (-0.3 mmol/l, SE -0.1, 95% CI -0.6 to -0.04). Conclusions:Moderate consumption of red wine during three months increased HTGC in subjects without steatosis at baseline. However, since not a single participant developed steatosis we suggest that the threshold of alcohol consumption to define nonalcoholic fatty liver disease should not be lower than the amount in our study.  The results of this study provide original information about the effect of moderate wine drinking on the hepatic triglyceride content.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Effects of moderate red wine consumption on liver fat and blood lipids: a prospective randomized study

Kechagias¹,

Zanjani²,

Gjellan³

et al. 2011

Annals of Medicine

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“…29,30 Blood pressure generally increases with age because of increased arterial stiffness 31 and the deterioration of the salt-and water-retaining abilities of renal dopamine and angiotensin II. 32 However, our results suggest that the effect of alcohol on blood pressure was not substantially different among the middle-aged and older populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Alcohol Consumption With Incident Hypertension Among Middle-Aged and Older Japanese Population

et al. 2014

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H igh blood pressure is well-established as a leading cause of stroke, 1 ischemic heart disease, 2 and cardiovascular disease.3 Worldwide prevalence estimates for hypertension include as many as 1 billion individuals, and ≈7.1 million deaths per year may be attributable to hypertension. 4 Many studies have shown that alcohol consumption is associated with increased blood pressure or the development of hypertension. [5][6][7][8][9][10] It has been estimated that 5% to 30% of hypertension cases in the general population can be attributed to alcohol. 11,12 The putative beneficial effect of light to moderate alcohol consumption on hypertension, implied by the J-shaped association, has been questioned and needs further investigation. 13Aging induces various physiological changes in the human body, including muscular atrophy and the loss of renal and liver tissue and function, 14 implying that the effect of alcohol on blood pressure might vary with age. Several studies have demonstrated that the relationship between alcohol consumption and elevated blood pressure is more apparent in an elderly population. [15][16][17][18] These studies suggest a plausible hypothesis that a health policy for alcohol intake to prevent hypertension is more important in the older population than in the younger population. However, this age-dependent relationship has been drawn from cross-sectional studies, so there is a lack of evidence to determine whether a health policy to lower alcohol intake for primary prevention of hypertension differs by life stage. Furthermore, the relationship has not been extensively studied in a large cohort of the general population. Examination of the age-specific relationship may yield important knowledge for the primary prevention of hypertension suitable for each life stage. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether aging affects the relationship between the degree of alcohol consumption and incident hypertension in a large Japanese cohort.Abstract-The objective of this study was to examine the effect of age on the relationship between alcohol consumption and incident hypertension in a general Japanese population. A cohort of Japanese men (n=37 310) and women (n=78 426) aged 40 to 79 years who underwent community-based health checkups from 1993 to 2004 and were free of hypertension were followed up with annual examinations, including the measurement of blood pressure, until the end of 2010. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg, or the initiation of treatment for hypertension. Hazard ratios for incident hypertension according to alcohol consumption were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for possible confounding variables. A total of 45 428 participants (39.3%) developed hypertension (16 155 men and 29 273 women) for a mean follow-up time of 3.9 (1-18) years. Significant associations between alcohol consumption and incident hypertension were found in both sexes and age groups (P for trend was <0.0...

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“…This racial difference is likely to be due to genetic variation in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) activity. 55 Subjects with the ALDH2*2 genotype, which is common in Mongoloids but rare in Caucasians and Africans, show facial flush, tachycardia and hypotension after drinking alcohol because of the accumulation of acetaldehyde, but these changes are very small in subjects with the ALDH2*1 genotype.…”

Section: Alcohol Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…36,55 However, alcohol has both pressor and depressor actions, and the latter is obvious in Asian subjects, especially in those who show alcohol flush. In our study, BP decreased and heart rate increased for several hours after alcohol ingestion in hypertensive patients.…”

Section: Alcohol Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal blood pressure variation and related behavioral factors

Kawano

2010

Hypertens Res

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Blood pressure (BP) varies according to many internal and external factors, and behavioral factors have an important role in diurnal BP variation. BP rises sharply on waking in the morning and falls during sleep at night, although it varies throughout the day and night. These changes in BP are closely related to mental and physical activities, and the sympathetic nervous system mainly contributes to the diurnal variation in BP. Other behavioral factors, such as food consumption and obesity, dietary intake of sodium, drinking and smoking habits, consumption of coffee and tea, and bathing, also affect the diurnal variation in BP. Alterations in diurnal BP variation due to behavioral factors are frequently seen in patients with hypertension and can be classified as morning hypertension, daytime hypertension and nighttime hypertension. Appropriate lifestyle modifications may normalize or improve both the level and rhythm of BP in these patients. Hypertension Research (2011) 34, 281-285; doi:10.1038/hr.2010.241; published online 2 December 2010Keywords: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; diurnal blood pressure variation; lifestyle; mental stress; physical activity INTRODUCTION Blood pressure (BP) varies according to many internal and external factors. There are several distinctive rhythmic variations in BP including diurnal (or circadian) variation, and behavioral factors have an important role in diurnal BP variation. BP rises sharply on waking in the morning and falls during sleep at night, although it varies with changes in mental and physical activities during daytime and nighttime. [1][2][3][4] In addition to the awake and sleep cycle, many behavioral factors, such as mental stress, exercise, food consumption, changes in body weight, dietary intake of sodium and other electrolytes, drinking and smoking habits, consumption of coffee and tea, and bathing, influence both the level and variation in BP. [5][6][7][8] Understanding the influences of those behavioral factors on diurnal BP variation is important for the management of hypertension because alterations in diurnal BP variation due to behavioral factors are observed in many hypertensive subjects. 9,10 It has been shown that ambulatory BP monitoring is useful for assessing the influence of behavioral factors as well as the effects of lifestyle modifications on the level and pattern of BP throughout the day. 11,12 In this review article, I would like to summarize the effects of behavioral factors on diurnal BP variation with respect to the pathophysiology of hypertension and the effects of lifestyle modifications on 24-h BP.

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Physio-pathological effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system: its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Cited by 71 publications

References 136 publications

Effects of moderate red wine consumption on liver fat and blood lipids: a prospective randomized study

Effects of moderate red wine consumption on liver fat and blood lipids: a prospective randomized study

Association of Alcohol Consumption With Incident Hypertension Among Middle-Aged and Older Japanese Population

Diurnal blood pressure variation and related behavioral factors

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