Acute Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning is Detrimental to Anaerobic Performance in Cyclists

Pré-condicionamento isquêmico e desempenho: há viabilidade/racionalidade na sua aplicação?

“…Ressaltamos que, apesar da "explosão" de publicações científicas sobre IPC e desempenho ocorrer a partir do estudo de Libonati e seus colegas em 2001, na verdade desde 1958 fisiologistas Alemães testaram o IPC como recursos ergogênico potencial e encontraram resultados controversos 8 . Porém, considerando a partir do "de novo" de Libonati e colaboradores, estudos relatam melhoria ou nenhum efeito agudo do IPC sobre o desempenho em atividades como ciclismo 17 , sprints, natação 18 , treinamento resistido 19,20 , futebol 21 e remo em apneia 22 . Também surgiram trabalhos tentando verificar efeito ergogênico do IPC sobre o processo de recuperação do desempenho 7,23,24 , com achados igualmente inconclusivos.…”

Ischemic preconditioning: Potential impact on exercise performance and underlying mechanisms

“…Similarly, IPC did not improve 30 m 7) and 40 m sprint time 8) . Interestingly, one study revealed that IPC decreased the peak power output and the total anaerobic power during the Wingate test 9) .…”

“…IPC also resulted in increases in HRmax and V ・ Epeak during maximal incremental leg cycling exercise 10) . Because the peak values of blood lactate concentration (LApeak) after exercise may be an indicator of anaerobic capacity, several studies compared the LApeak between IPC and the control (or SHAM), and no effect in LApeak after exercise with IPC was found 4,[9][10][11][12][13][14]18,19,22) . Two studies focused on muscle activity, assessed by electromyography (EMG), between IPC and CON, and no differences in EMG were found during cycle sprints 4) or isometric leg extension 26) .…”

“…As mentioned previously, the results are equivocal. Several studies found an improvement in exercise performance, i.e., time to failure (time trial performance), peak power output, and repetitions, to name a few, after IPC on the primary or a part of the engaged limbs 4,8,[10][11][12][13][18][19][20][21]26) , whereas other studies did not show any beneficial effects [5][6][7]9,10,[14][15][16][17]22,24,25) . A few studies investigated the effects of remote IPC on exercise performance.…”

“…Further, the numbers of ischemic-reperfusion cycles were also varied in previous studies. For example, one study used 2×5 min cycles 8) , nine studies used 3×5 min cycles 5,7,10,[12][13][14]18,23,26) and 13 studies used 4×5 min cycles 4,6,9,11,[15][16][17][19][20][21][22]24,25) . As a result, a manipulation of 2 cycles showed improvement of exercise performance (100%), seven of nine studies using 3 cycles also showed improvement of exercise performance (78%), whereas, only five of 13 studies using 4 cycles showed positive effects with IPC (38%).…”