Acute Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Glucose Tolerance and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Frati, Alberto; Iniestra, F; Ariza, Carles

doi:10.2337/diacare.19.2.112

Cited by 187 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…Chiolero et al 12 reported that in healthy men, chronic smoking is associated with increased insulin levels, independent of other factors known to influence the sensitivity to this hormone. Although serum cortisol did not increase in most patients evaluated in this study, other authors have shown that smoking increases circulating levels of this hormone and others such as catecholamines, and growth hormone actions that are antagonistic to insulin and may contribute to insulin resistance and higher blood glucose levels between smokers 28,36 . Excess abdominal fat may also explain the occurrence of IR, since the present study showed a correlation between insulinemia and WC.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Hormonal, metabolic and nutritional alterations in smokers: emergency for smoking abstinence

Rodrigues

Melquíades

Leite³

et al. 2013

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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Objective: To evaluate the biochemical and nutritional status of smokers in treatment for smoking cessation and its association with anthropometric parameters. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Adult smokers were assessed at the start of treatment in the Interdisciplinary Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CIPIT/HU-UFJF). We evaluated the body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI); waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat (%BF), fasting glycemia, cortisol, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides (TG) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Original article Rodrigues GRS et al. colesterol LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicéridos (TG) e síndrome metabólica (SM). resultados: A maioria dos participantes possuía SM e alto risco cardiovascular. A glicemia de jejum estava alterada em 30,4%. Houve correlação positiva significativa entre IMC e CC (r = 0,90; p = 0,0001), %GC (r = 0,79; p = 0,0001), IC (r = 0,65; p = 0,0001), glicemia (r = 0,42; p = 0,04) e TG (r = 0,47; p = 0,002). O IC também apresentou correlação positiva com insulina (r = 0,6; p = 0,001), glicemia (r = 0,55; p = 0,007), TG (r = 0,54; p = 0,008) e %GC (r = 0,43; p = 0,004). Pacientes com maior tempo de tabagismo tiveram maior risco de desenvolver SM (O = 9,6; p = 0,016). conclusão: Os fumantes avaliados tiveram maior risco de desenvolver SM, especialmente aqueles que fumavam por mais tempo, requerendo urgência para a cessação tabágica.cortisol 12,13 . In addition, chronic smokers are at increased risk for developing insulin resistance and inadequate compensatory response of insulin secretion, which promotes the association of smoking with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus 14 .Evaluation of endocrine-metabolic changes that promote tobacco use, can aid understanding of factors involved in the changes of body weight and the development of chronic diseases associated with smoking. This article aims to evaluate the biochemical and nutritional status of smokers at the start of treatment for smoking cessation and its association with anthropometric indices.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Hormonal, metabolic and nutritional alterations in smokers: emergency for smoking abstinence

Rodrigues

Melquíades

Leite³

et al. 2013

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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“…As for the effects of smoking on diabetes, laboratory studies have indicated that cigarette smoking causes insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, whereas insulin secretion may be unimpaired or somewhat overstimulated [27±30]. In an experimental control trial using two oral glucose tolerance tests, smoking acutely impairs glucose tolerance and acutely increases serum insulin and Cpeptide concentrations [31]. Cigarette smoking is also known to stimulate the release of counter-regulatory hormones and consequently cause temporary increase in plasma glucose concentrations [32,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White blood-cell count and the risk of impaired fasting glucose or Type II diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men

et al. 2002

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Considerable research has been done on factors that influence the development of Type II (non-insulindependent) diabetes mellitus. Age, family history of diabetes, obesity, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, reduced physical activity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia have been confirmed as important predictors of Type II diabetes mellitus [1±11]. More recently, markers of low-grade inflammation have been shown to predict the occurrence of Type II diabetes mellitus [12,13]. Concentrations of inflammatory markers and mediators of inflammation ± cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-6 ± are higher in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus, particularly in those with features of insulin resistance [14±16]. White blood cells (WBCs), another major component of the inflammatory process, are increased by cytokines, especially Diabetologia (2002) Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To investigate the association between white blood-cell (WBC) count and the development of diabetes, independent of cigarette smoking. Methods. We examined 2953 Japanese men who were office workers and between 35 and 59 years of age and who did not have impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (a fasting glucose concentration of 6.1±6.9 mmol/l), Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (a fasting glucose concentration of ³ 7.0 mmol/l or more or receipt of hypoglycaemic medication), medication for hypertension, and a history of cardiovascular disease. Fasting glucose concentrations were measured at annual health examinations from May 1994 through May 2000. Results. After controlling for potential predictors of diabetes, the relative risk for IFG or Type II diabetes mellitus compared with a WBC count of less than 5.3´10 9 cells/l was 1.2 (95 %-CI, 0.6±2.3), 1.6 (CI, 0.8±3

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“…Cigarette smoking is another potential confounder since it may cause acute insulin resistance (Attvall et al 1993;Frati et al 1996). Intake of dietary RS on the day before a meal challenge may improve glucose tolerance (Robertson et al 2002).…”

Section: Subject Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycaemic index methodology

et al. 2005

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The glycaemic index (GI) concept was originally introduced to classify different sources of carbohydrate (CHO)-rich foods, usually having an energy content of . 80 % from CHO, to their effect on post-meal glycaemia. It was assumed to apply to foods that primarily deliver available CHO, causing hyperglycaemia. Low-GI foods were classified as being digested and absorbed slowly and high-GI foods as being rapidly digested and absorbed, resulting in different glycaemic responses. Low-GI foods were found to induce benefits on certain risk factors for CVD and diabetes. Accordingly it has been proposed that GI classification of foods and drinks could be useful to help consumers make 'healthy food choices' within specific food groups. Classification of foods according to their impact on blood glucose responses requires a standardised way of measuring such responses. The present review discusses the most relevant methodological considerations and highlights specific recommendations regarding number of subjects, sex, subject status, inclusion and exclusion criteria, pre-test conditions, CHO test dose, blood sampling procedures, sampling times, test randomisation and calculation of glycaemic response area under the curve. All together, these technical recommendations will help to implement or reinforce measurement of GI in laboratories and help to ensure quality of results. Since there is current international interest in alternative ways of expressing glycaemic responses to foods, some of these methods are discussed.

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Acute Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Glucose Tolerance and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Abstract: Smoking acutely impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, enhanced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and raised blood pressure and heart rate. These findings support the pathogenetic role of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular risk factors.

Cited by 187 publications

References 0 publications

Hormonal, metabolic and nutritional alterations in smokers: emergency for smoking abstinence

Hormonal, metabolic and nutritional alterations in smokers: emergency for smoking abstinence

White blood-cell count and the risk of impaired fasting glucose or Type II diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men

Glycaemic index methodology

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