Acute Dermal Irritation Study of JP-8 and S-8 in New Zealand White Rabbits

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the irritative potential of JP-8, S-8 and a 50/50 volume/volume mixture of JP-8 and S-8 following a single exposure to the skin of albino rabbits. Three groups of three albino rabbits received a single, four-hour, occluded exposure and an additional three groups received a single, four-hour, semi-occluded exposure. Doses (0.5 mL) of the test substances were applied to clipped, unabraded skin. At the completion of all exposures, the bandages were removed and the sites washed. Application sites were evaluated at approximately 30 to 60 minutes; 24, 48 and 72 hours; and 4, 7 and 14 days after patch removal for sites where irritation persisted. Occluded exposures of JP-8 or S-8 resulted in a classification of moderately irritating. Semi-occlusion of either JP-8 or S-8 produced slight irritation. The mixture, however, was slightly irritating in both the occluded and semi-occluded exposures.

Acute Dermal Irritation Study and Salmonella-Escherichia coli/Microsome Plate Incorporation Assay of Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) Bio-Based Jet Fuels

“…In a more recent study by Hurley et al (2011), JP-8 was also reported as slightly irritating under semioccluded exposure. However, the occluded exposure resulted in moderate irritation, the highest descriptive rating to date.…”

“…Results from this rabbit skin irritation test varied: non-irritating ; slightly irritating (Kinkead et al, 1992); non-irritating (Wolfe et al, 1996); and moderately irritating (Hurley et al (2011). JP-8 is commonly combined with anti-icing and anti-corrosion chemicals, known as the JP-8+100 packages.…”

Acute Dermal Irritation Study of Six Jet Fuels in New Zealand White Rabbits: Comparison of Four Bio-Based Jet Fuels with Two Petroleum JP-8 Fuels

“…Petroleum-derived JP-8 (POSF 4658) has been tested previously, ranging from slightly to moderately irritating (Hurley et al, 2011;Mattie et al, 2013;Sterner et al, 2014). In the current study, JP-8 and HA JP-8 were both found to be slightly irritating; HA JP-8 appears to be somewhat less irritating, per the PDII score.…”

“…These fuels have had primarily aliphatic components. FT-SPK ranged from nonirritating to moderately irritating (Hurley et al, 2011;Sterner et al, 2014). The complete component analysis for FT-SPK, not previously published, can be found in Appendix H. FT-SPK is 99.84 percent aliphatic constituents by mass.…”

“…Two operational fuels provided points of comparison for the alternative fuels tested in this study. The first fuel utilized was petroleum-derived JP-8 (POSF 4658); the dermal irritancy of this fuel has been assessed previously and has been included as a baseline "positive" control for response comparison when alternative fuels are tested (Hurley et al, 2011;Mattie et al, 2013). An additional petroleum JP-8 with a higher aromatic content was also evaluated in order to provide a point of comparison for the higher aromatic content of some of the alternative fuels; this fuel has been abbreviated as HA JP-8 throughout the report.…”