Conventional and Alternative Aviation Fuels: Occupational Exposure and Health Effects

Abstract

The use of fossil fuels in aircraft over the last few decades has driven several studies on health effects due to occupational exposure. Relatively recently, alternative fuel types have emerged, but their implications on the health of exposed workers have not attracted proportional attention. In our paper, we review both academic and gray literature about the health risks related to exposure to jet and alternative fuels. The literature suggests that, although the health effects on workers exposed to conventional fuels are concerning, there is no universally accepted dose–response relationship. The limited current research with animals on alternative fuels indicates that these fuels have not resulted in a reduction of health risks. Overall, it seems that, while aviation fuels are tested for efficiency and lower emissions, studies on health impacts in an occupational context have not been a priority. As occupational exposure to aviation fuels might increase due to the growth of the aviation industry, it is essential to conduct further research on the effects of exposures to both conventional and alternative aviation fuels and ensure that the latter do not pose the same risks or even greater ones than those of conventional fuels.

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N, S-co-doped carbon/Co1-xS nanocomposite with dual-enzyme activities for a smartphone-based colorimetric assay of total cholesterol in human serum

“…Physical health refers to the state of well-developed organ systems, normal physiological functions, healthy physique, proper metabolism and good work efficiency [1]. It is usually measured by physical measurements, body examinations and various physiological indicators.…”

Sensing Gas Mixtures by Analyzing the Spatiotemporal Optical Responses of Liquid Crystals Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

“…The development of new materials and methodologies for the sensing of targeted chemical species has the potential to be broadly useful in a range of contexts, including occupational health, , homeland security (toxic industrial chemicals), , and medicine (e.g., analysis of the breath) . In particular, there remains an unmet need for wearable sensors for human exposure measurements and health monitoring , and lightweight sensors for autonomous aerial vehicles. , Additionally, although metal oxide − and electrochemical amperometric − sensors possess limits of detection that make them potentially suitable for environmental monitoring, they are not approved for regulatory compliance testing by US regulatory agencies (the Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration) because they are not sufficiently stable or reliable.…”

“…T he development of new materials and methodologies for the sensing of targeted chemical species has the potential to be broadly useful in a range of contexts, including occupational health, 1,2 homeland security (toxic industrial chemicals), 3,4 and medicine (e.g., analysis of the breath). 5 In particular, there remains an unmet need for wearable sensors for human exposure measurements and health monitoring 6,7 and lightweight sensors for autonomous aerial vehicles.…”