Acute consumption of a shake containing cashew and Brazil nuts did not affect appetite in overweight subjects: a randomized, cross-over study

The Effects of Tree Nut and Peanut Consumption on Energy Compensation and Energy Expenditure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…After the removal of duplicate articles and excluded studies, 24 articles were identified as eligible. An additional 4 articles were identified after forward and backward citation searching, bringing the total number of articles included in this review to 28, derived from 27 studies [ 18 , 19 , 22 , 24 , 25 , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] ]. Figure 1 shows the study selection process.…”

“…Of note, 2 studies [ 38 , 59 ] were excluded as they measured EE through methods other than indirect calorimetry: in this case, by estimating EE using physical activity records. There were 16 studies that reported energy compensation [ 18 , 38 , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] ], 10 studies that reported EE [ 19 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 39 , 44 , 49 , [56] , [57] , [58] ], and 1 study (2 articles) that investigated both [ 36 , 37 ]. TABLE 1 , TABLE 2 present the characteristics of the energy compensation studies and EE studies, respectively.…”

“…[ 43 ]; France RCT (parallel) Healthy women; 21.6; 35 60 (0% M, 100% F) Afternoon snack of 56 g of “Gouda aperitif biscuits” (isocaloric to intervention) Afternoon snack of 56 g pistachios Pistachios (roasted, lightly salted, in-shell); 56 g 1 d 2 Participants kept a food diary Positive Costa et al. [ 45 ]; Brazil RCT (crossover) Adults with overweight or obesity; 30.9; 29.0 15 (33% M, 67% F) Shake without nuts (isocaloric to intervention, matched macronutrient content) Shake containing nuts. Nuts crushed to give similar texture to control 30 g cashews (ground) and 15 g Brazil nuts (ground) 4 h; then food records for remainder of test day Served an unlimited lunch after shake, weighed food before and after lunch consumption.…”

“…[ 43 ]; France Postsnack intake: 2216 (SD: 871) kJ Daily energy intake: 7383 (SD: 1510) kJ Postsnack intake: 2403 (SD: 941) kJ +168.0% 3 Daily energy intake: 7860 (SD: 1843) kJ Both NS vs. control Costa et al. [ 45 ]; Brazil Unlimited lunch intake: 923.0 (SEM: 385.0) kcal ( P > 0.05 vs. intervention) Unlimited lunch intake: 963.1 (SEM: 298.8) kcal ( P > 0.05 vs. control) −42.1% 3 Food intake postlunch: 1012.6 (SEM: 462.9) kcal ( P > 0.05 vs. intervention) Food intake postlunch: 1089.3 (SEM: 573.3) kcal ( P > 0.05 vs. control) Devi et al. [ 46 ]; New Zealand Total daily energy intake: 8832 (95% CI: 7376, 10,288) kJ Total daily energy intake +16.5% (sliced hazelnuts) 3 ; −11.2% (hazelnut flour) 3 ; +149.4% (combination) 3 Sliced: 8699 (95% CI: 7735, 9664) kJ Flour: 8904 (95% CI: 8034, 9773) kJ Combination: 7749 (95% CI: 6730, 8767) kJ NS between breads Devitt et al.…”

“…All studies that examined the effect of nut consumption on energy intake or compensation ( n = 17) were of an RCT design with either crossover or parallel arms and were conducted in countries including the USA [ 18 , 41 , 42 , 47 , 52 , 53 ], Brazil [ 37 , 45 , 47 , 54 , 55 ], France [ 43 , 48 ], the UK [ 50 , 51 ], New Zealand [ 40 , 46 ], Australia [ 38 ], and Ghana [ 47 ] ( Table 1 ).…”