Acute consumption of a caffeinated energy drink enhances aspects of performance in sprint swimmers

Lara, Beatriz; Ruiz-Vicente, Diana; Areces, Francisco; Abián-Vicén, Javier; Salinero, Juan José; Gonzalez-Millán, Cristina; Gallo-Salazar, César

doi:10.1017/s0007114515002573

Cited by 65 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The scientific evidence regarding the performance-enhancing properties of caffeine has been found in short-term high-intensity sports modalities [2], team sports competitions [3,4,5], and endurance-based exercise [6,7]. Moreover, the pre-exercise ingestion of caffeine is effective in increasing physical performance in resistance activities [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While most investigations have reported the benefits of caffeine on exercise activities in a group of individuals, some investigations have reported that not all individuals experience enhanced exercise performance after the ingestion of moderate doses of caffeine [2,21,22,23]. In fact, these investigations have identified individuals with minimal ergogenic effects, or even slightly declined exercise performance, after the intake of caffeine [2,21,22,23], suggesting the existence of different physiological responses to the intake of the same dose of caffeine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, these investigations have identified individuals with minimal ergogenic effects, or even slightly declined exercise performance, after the intake of caffeine [2,21,22,23], suggesting the existence of different physiological responses to the intake of the same dose of caffeine. Although there is still no clear evidence, several researchers have suggested that the inter-individual differences in the ergogenicity derived from caffeine could be related to genetic polymorphisms associated with cytochrome P450 proteins, specifically the CYP1A2 enzyme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CYP1A2 Genotype Variations Do Not Modify the Benefits and Drawbacks of Caffeine during Exercise: A Pilot Study

et al. 2017

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Previous investigations have determined that some individuals have minimal or even ergolytic performance effects after caffeine ingestion. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the genetic variations of the CYP1A2 gene on the performance enhancement effects of ingesting a moderate dose of caffeine. In a double-blind randomized experimental design, 21 healthy active participants (29.3 ± 7.7 years) ingested 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass or a placebo in testing sessions separated by one week. Performance in the 30 s Wingate test, visual attention, and side effects were evaluated. DNA was obtained from whole blood samples and the CYP1A2 polymorphism was analyzed (rs762551). We obtained two groups: AA homozygotes (n = 5) and C-allele carriers (n = 16). Caffeine ingestion increased peak power (682 ± 140 vs. 667 ± 137 W; p = 0.008) and mean power during the Wingate test (527 ± 111 vs. 518 ± 111 W; p < 0.001) with no differences between AA homozygotes and C-allele carriers (p > 0.05). Reaction times were similar between caffeine and placebo conditions (276 ± 31 vs. 269 ± 71 milliseconds; p = 0.681) with no differences between AA homozygotes and C-allele carriers. However, 31.3% of the C-allele carriers reported increased nervousness after caffeine ingestion, while none of the AA homozygotes perceived this side effect. Genetic variations of the CYP1A2 polymorphism did not affect the ergogenic effects and drawbacks derived from the ingestion of a moderate dose of caffeine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CYP1A2 Genotype Variations Do Not Modify the Benefits and Drawbacks of Caffeine during Exercise: A Pilot Study

et al. 2017

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“…Side effects: To analyze side-effects resulting from caffeine ingestion in the following night hours a non-parametric test for dichotomic variables was recorded, this questionnaire has been previously used to analyze side-effects from caffeine in sport 2,15,21,22 . The next morning of each training sleep quality, nervousness, gastrointestinal problems and other discomforts related to caffeine ingestion were evaluated in soccer players with a questionnaire including 8 items on a yes/no scale.…”

Section: Initial Tiredness Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine supplementation improves countermovement jump in youth soccer players: a pilot study

Hernández-Camacho

Vázquez-Carrión²,

Fuentes-Lorca³

et al. 2017

Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet

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Introduction:The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of caffeine ingestion in soccer performance, particularly in the countermovement jump test (CMJ). Material and Methods:A total of 17 players from a U-19 amateur Spanish team participated in this pilot study. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized experimental design was used in 2 different sessions (1.5 hour per session) separated by 1 week. CMJ was collected at the beginning and at the end of sessions; Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was recorded. Players ingested caffeine or placebo at the beginning of session (minute 0 of session), providing a total of 4mg of caffeine or a placebo per kg of body mass. Side effects from caffeine and placebo ingestions were analyzed. The effect sizes (ES) were calculated using values for Cohen's and Quantitative differences were assessed qualitatively (QA). Results:The jump height with caffeine supplementation at the beginning of training was 37.03 (±3.87) cm and at the end was 39.35 (±4.05) cm, obtaining significant improvements (p<0.05; ES:0.56; QA:99/1/0). Significant differences on CMJ at the end of the training session between caffeine and placebo groups were observed (39.35 [±4.05] cm vs. 36.85 [±3.15] cm; p<0.05; ES:0.65; QA:0/1/99). Significant differences on RPE between groups were observed. A nonsignificant tendency to suffer more side effects with caffeine ingestion was obtained. Conclusions:This study shows how the ingestion of 4mg of caffeine per kg of body mass could be an ergogenic aid to improve soccer performance. However, further studies with bigger soccer players sample would be necessary to refute the present results. Más información: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de la ingestión de cafeína en el rendimiento en fútbol, específicamente en el test de salto en contramovimiento (CMJ).Material y Métodos: 17 jugadores de la categoría Sub-19 de un equipo amateur español participaron en el estudio piloto. Se siguió un diseño a doble ciego, placebo-control, aleatorizado en 2 entrenamientos (1,5 horas/sesión) separados por 1 semana. El CMJ se recogió al inicio y, al final de las sesiones, la tasa de esfuerzo percibido (RPE) fue recogida. Los jugadores tomaron cafeína o placebo al inicio del entrenamiento (minuto 0), proveyendo 4mg/kg de masa corporal de cafeína o placebo. Se analizaron los efectos secundarios provenientes de la cafeína y del placebo. Los tamaños de efecto (ES) se calcularon utilizando valores para Cohen y las diferencias cuantitativas se evaluaron cualitativamente (QA).Resultados: La altura del salto media cuando se ingirió cafeína fue 37,03 (±3,87) cm al inicio y 39,35 (±4,05) cm al final del entrenamiento, obteniendo una mejora significativa (p<0,05; ES:0,56; QA:99/1/0). Se observaron diferencias significativas en el CMJ al final de los entrenamientos entre la ingestión con cafeína y placebo (39,35 [±4,05] cm vs. 36,85 [±3,15] cm; p<0,05; ES:0,65; QA:0/1/99). Se obtuvieron diferencias...

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“…In a sport and exercise context, caffeine has been consistently shown to aid a variety of endurance based tasks [5][6][7] with significant enhancements in cycling [8,9], swimming [10] and rowing [11] performance all being reported. On the other hand, both supporting [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and contradicting [19][20][21][22][23] research has been published in terms of muscular endurance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Caffeine Supplementation as an Ergogenic Aid for Muscular Strength and Endurance: A Recommendation for Coaches and Athletes

Brooks¹,

Wyld²

2016

J Athl Enhanc

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Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) which can be ubiquitously found in energy drinks, sodas, coffee, and supplements, is one of the principal legal drugs consumed worldwide. Caffeine based ergogenic aids are utilized prolifically within training and competition for an ergogenic benefit to enhance sporting performance by both recreational and elite athletes. The evidence of caffeine's ability to enhance endurance performance is well established, however, evidence of an ergogenic benefit for muscular endurance and strength-based tasks is limited. Moreover, the limited evidence for caffeine's ergogenic benefit in muscular endurance and strength is equivocal, and therefore, practical recommendations for the implementation of caffeine supplementation in training and competition for coaches, and practitioners is difficult. Indeed, it is currently not known if, and how caffeine may improve muscular endurance and/or strength based tasks. Variability in the findings could be due to several factors including muscles tested, participant characteristics, exercise protocol, type and dose of caffeine used. This brief review will discuss the current literature relating to the potential efficacy of caffeine to enhance muscular endurance and strength based performance, and provides evidence based recommendations for athletes and coaches to implement. Caffeine's primary mechanistic process likely occurs through the antagonising of adenosine [27]. This process is achieved by caffeine binding to adenosine receptors, reducing adenosine's ability to slow neural activity, reduce arousal, and induce sleep [28]. Further rewards from caffeine's effect on adenosine receptors include enhanced neurotransmitter release, increased firing rates, and amplified spontaneous and evoked potentials [29]. Caffeine has also been shown to alter metabolic substrate utilization [9] and provide enhanced fat oxidation and consequential glycogen sparing [30]. Alterations to pain perception following caffeine supplementation have also been reported [31] most likely due to enhanced secretion of β-endorphins [32]. More specifically to strength performance, possible mechanisms also include increased muscle activation [33], motor unit recruitment [34], and enhanced excitation contraction coupling [35]. KeywordsIt should be noted, that it is beyond the scope of this review to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of caffeine. The primary purpose of this review is to provide in depth analysis of the evidence relating to the use of caffeine in muscular endurance and strength based exercise, and provide coaches and athletes, at both elite and recreational level, with recommendations for the use of caffeine with regards to muscular strength and muscular endurance. For a complementary, wider-ranged review of all current literature, readers is direct to other published review articles [36,37] and a meta-analysis [38].

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Acute consumption of a caffeinated energy drink enhances aspects of performance in sprint swimmers

Cited by 65 publications

References 30 publications

CYP1A2 Genotype Variations Do Not Modify the Benefits and Drawbacks of Caffeine during Exercise: A Pilot Study

CYP1A2 Genotype Variations Do Not Modify the Benefits and Drawbacks of Caffeine during Exercise: A Pilot Study

Caffeine supplementation improves countermovement jump in youth soccer players: a pilot study

Caffeine Supplementation as an Ergogenic Aid for Muscular Strength and Endurance: A Recommendation for Coaches and Athletes

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