Acute avoidance reactions and behavioral responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to garlon 4®, garlon 3A® and vision® herbicides

Abstract

Laboratory bioassay experiments were conducted with juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to determine the acute lethal (96‐h LC50) values of the forest‐use herbicides Garlon 3A®, Garlon 4®, and Vision® with 15% and 10% surfactant formulations, and the threshold concentrations of these herbicides that would cause behavioral effects. A Y‐maze apparatus was used to determine the threshold concentration of each herbicide that elicited either an avoidance or a preference reaction from rainbow trout fry after a one‐hour exposure period. Rainbow trout fry were observed for qualitative behavioral changes (e.g., increased coughing and ventilatory rates, loss of equilibrium, etc.) over a four‐day period of exposure to a wide range of chemical strengths. Nominal concentrations of the herbicides eliciting threshold avoidance reactions in test fish were 150 ppm Vision‐10% surfactant, 54 ppm Vision‐15% surfactant, 19.2 ppm Garlon 4, and 800 ppm Garlon 3A, which were, respectively, 2, 2, 8, and 2 times the 96‐h LC50 values determined for each herbicide. Preferential reactions to the herbicide solutions were not observed. Qualitative behavioral changes were observed in rainbow trout fry at levels from 25% (Garlon 4) to 50% (Garlon 3A, Vision‐10% and ‐15% surfactants) of the 96‐h LC50 values. Nominal concentrations of the herbicides causing threshold changes in fish behavior were 37.5 ppm Vision‐10% surfactant, 13.5 ppm Vision‐15% surfactant, 0.60 ppm Garlon 4, and 200 ppm Garlon 3A.

Low Concentrations of Lorsban in Water Result in Far Reaching Behavioral and Histological Effects in Early Life Stages in Guppy

“…The very evident change in swimming behavior with acute toxicity is similar to the erratic, disoriented swimming behavior in rainbow trout exposed to the herbicide Garlon 4A, at a concentration of 0.6 ppm (Morgan et al, 1991). Because organophosphates such as chlorpyrifos cause neurologic and behavioral e!ects (Smith, 1987;Mueller-Beilschmidt, 1990), this disoriented swimming behavior could be an immediate response to the chloropyrifos.…”

Responses and Histopathological Studies of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Exposed to Selenium Toxicity

“…Behavioural measurement has been used as indicator of toxic stress in fish. Fishes in a contaminated environment show some altered behavioural patterns which may include avoidance, locomotive activity and aggression and these may cause fish attempt to escape or adjust to the stress condition (Morgan et al, 1991;Gormley and Teather, 2003). Behavioural functions are generally quite vulnerable to contaminant exposures, and fish often exhibit these responses first when exposed to pollutants (Little et al, 1993;Ololade and Oginni, 2010).…”

Effect of cypermethrin on the histoarchitecture of gills and liver of a freshwater catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

“…Exposure of organisms to xenobiotics such pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and various kind of chemicals is a serious matter in environmental and toxicological chemistry. Aquatic environment contaminated through pesticides that show some altered behavioral patterns which may include avoidance, locomotive activity and aggression and these may be attempts by the fish to escape or adjust to the stress condition (Gormley and Teather, 2003;Morgan et al, 1991). Xenobiotics usually contaminate water bodies, a number of researchers have found on the effects of different pesticides on aquatic organisms.…”